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Objective: To determine the incidence of surgical site infection among patients with hip fracture and undergo a surgical procedure for management. And to spotlight on the risk factors which may lead to surgical site infection among them. Also, to look for other complications following the surgery. Methods: This is a descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Orthopedic Department, Mohammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas, Pakistan for one-year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. All patients had hip fracture and received management at the department of orthopedic. All patients were adults and older than 20 years of age. Data was analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The study included 103 patients who had hip fractures. The most frequent age group was 40-50 years. Patients had a mix of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for developing surgical site infection. The incidence rate of surgical site infection in this study was 3.2%. It was correlated to having hypertension and diabetes as complications. Conclusion: This study aimed to spotlight on the SSI following hip surgeries and to look for complications and risk factors. We noticed that the SSI rate among the study populations is almost similar as the worldwide range. This is due to the agreed protocol for managing patients. However, there is a need for log-term follow up for our patient to discover the cases of delayed SSI.

Aim: To evaluate the results of illizarov external fixation using ligamentotaxis technique in high-energy plateau fractures of the tibia. Methodology: The external fixation of illizarov external fixation using ligamentotaxis was performed in 32 patients aged 18-50 years due to high-energy plateau fractures of the tibia. 18 on the right knee and 14 on the left knee. 28had closed wound and four had open wound fractures. According to the classification of Schatzker’s; classification was carried out for fractures. After two years (range 12 to 24 months) of follow-up, each affected knee was assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS). Results: There were 24Schatzker type VI and eight type V fractures of the tibia. Complications included deep infection in two cases, one patient had pin tract infection, deep vein thrombosis in two patients and one had fusional defect. The knee motionmean range was 120 degrees of flexion and six degrees of deficiency in extension. According to the KSS criteria, the outcomes were excellent in 22 patients (68.75%), 4 patients (12.5%)have good results, moderate in 5 patients (15.65%) and weak in 1 patient (3.12%). Conclusion: Ilizarov External fixation gives good anatomicalreduction of joint surface, earlypainfreewt bear, stable fixation and maintain soft tissue envelope without major complications.

This study was designed to compare the osteosynthesis and hemiarthroplasty treatment among the elderly population and evaluate the postoperative functional performance of these two recommended treatments of a displaced femoral neck fracture. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Bone Care trauma center Heerabad  Hospital Hyderabad Pakistan from March 2019 to March 2020. A total of 74 patients of age between  60 to 70 years were selected. All the selected patients were diagnosed with femoral neck fractures (Garden’s III and IV). Harris's hip score was used to evaluate the clinical status of patients with pain, whereas we used Palmer and Parker's mobility to access mobility. Implant breakage, screw cut, and nonunion were considered as parameters of osteosynthesis failure. At the same time, hemiarthroplasty failure was defined as two or more recurrent dislocation, aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and infection. Results:  In the first three postoperative months, the mean score of the hemiarthroplasty group was reported as 74.44±8.480, which was comparatively high than the osteosynthesis group (66.44±8.520). After six months, this score reached 80.12±7.005 in the hemiarthroplasty group and reached its maximum of 92.14±7.125. After the first three months, the increment ratio was relatively slow with six ratios, but in the last visit, we observed a sudden increase in score in both groups. Regarding Palmer and Parker's mobility score, the hemiarthroplasty group reflected better outcomes than the osteosynthesis group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that management of displaced femoral neck fracture with osteosynthesis revealed a high probability of nonunion, screw cutout complications and enhanced the risk of reoperation. Patients treated with osteosynthesis showed delay rehabilitation.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a solitary most costly and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Foot ulcers are the after-effect of a combination of various causes, counting peripheral arterial disease and peripheral neuropathy. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers for the most part require lower limb amputation. Objective: The purpose of this examination is to survey the outcomes and complications of diabetic foot ulcers in diabetic patients and to explore the impacts of certain hazard factors on ulcer healing. Place and Duration: In the Orthopedic unit, Dow University Of Medical and Health Sciences, SMBBIT Karachi, for nearly a two-year duration from March 2018 to April 2020. Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients. All patients with diabetes and DFU 18 to 90 of age were selected. 120 grown-up patients with DFUs were selected for the analysis. The diabetes duration and demographic data were recorded. Clinical proof of infection has been accounted for, as indicated by the American Association for Infectious Diseases. At that point debridement and careful treatment were begun to evacuate all the dead tissue. Follow-up was done week by week for two-year. SPSS 22 was utilized for data collection and statistical analysis. Data are introduced as a percentage and p < 0.05 was considered as the significance level. The Fisher’s test and χ2 test were utilized to test the variables relationship. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to change different variables when testing the impact of each risk factor on the outcome of DFU. Results: A sum of 120 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were selected. 60% of patients had relieved ulcers, 8% still not resolved; In 27% of patients, minimum amputation, 7% more protuberant amputation, 2% repetitive ulcer and mortality rate was 1%. The investigation indicated that there is a measurably noteworthy connection between the foot ulcers healing with diabetes and the accompanying factors: HbA1c level, patients’ age, diabetes duration, diabetes complications (ulcer size and peripheral neuropathy). Conclusion: The outcomes and complications of diabetic foot ulceration can be anticipated by a few factors, some of which can be changed. Changing compatible factors, for example, better diabetes control, peripheral neuropathy treatment and early treatment of ulcers can reduce complications and encourage healing of ulcers.