Vitamin D not only perform endocrine role in body but also it have strong immunomodulatory properties. Approximately 20% of diabetic people diagnosed foot infections each year. Objective: To find the link between vitamin D status and diabetic foot in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the Diabetic OPD medical unit II ward 6 in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi for the duration of six months from June 2021 to May 2022. 172 patients were selected for the study and groups were divided into DF and non DF. The body mass index and age in these patients was evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 67 in case of DF group and 65 in case of non DF group. There were 67 non-smokers in non DF group and 30 reported about smoking as per our data. The features like TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C was checked and analyzed in both groups. There were 57 patients having diabetes for more than 10 years in non DF group and 20 patients had diabetes for more than 10 years in DF group. Conclusions: The low serum level of vitamin D was reported in diabetic foot patients. The patients who had diabetic foot had more chance to have vitamin D deficiency as compared to control group. Therefore, low level of vitamin D is linked with diabetic foot patients significantly.

Objective: This review aimed to find the racism and its effect on occurrence of dementia and treatment of dementia patients. It was observed that Asian and black American brain ages faster than the other races. Recent findings: The incidence of dementia or the ageing of brain was compared in different studies it was found that the black Americans and non-Hispanic white population had more cases of dementia as compared to white Americans. 2000 US consensus was taken as a standard and age adjusted incidence rate was calculated in different studies. In the general population the prevalence of dementia is higher among African American but lower among the Japanese American. The most recent studies of racial and ethnic difference in dementia incidence were limited to specific geographical areas. The well-known dementia is Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI. The females veterans over 55 are particularly rise sharply in coming years. The ageing and dementia research community has identified different risk factors. The medical, lifestyle factors and genetic factors affect the dementia risk. The study discovered that blacks were 65 percent more likely than white Americans to develop dementia. The demographic factors like medical comorbidities, and psychiatric conditions are also have impact on dementia incidence. Summary: The study showed that the ageing of brain takes place early in case of non-white population as compared to white. The cases of dementia and the mortality rate of the patients are higher in case of non-white/black American. There is need to identify the factors that lead to this geographical distribution of disease. Keywords: dementia and Asian American adults.