The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of green coconut mesocarp juice extract (CMJE) on diabetes-related problems in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes, as well as the antioxidative functions of its natural compounds in regulating the associated genes and biochemical markers. CMJE’s antioxidative properties were evaluated by the standard antioxidant assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, nitric oxide, and ferrous ions along with the total phenolic and flavonoids content. The α-amylase inhibitory effect was measured by an established method. The antidiabetic effect of CMJE was assayed by fructose-fed STZ-induced diabetic models in albino rats. The obtained results were verified by bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools: STITCH, STRING, GSEA, and Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba bioinformatics tools. The results showed that GC-MS-characterized compounds from CMJE displayed a very promising antioxidative potential. In an animal model study, CMJE significantly ( P < 0.05 ) decreased blood glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, uric acid, and lipid levels and increased glucose tolerance as well as glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR and HOMA-b scores). The animal’s body weights and relative organ weights were found to be partially restored. Tissue architectures of the pancreas and the kidney were remarkably improved by low doses of CMJE. Compound-protein interactions showed that thymine, catechol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural of CMJE interacted with 84 target proteins. Of the top 15 proteins found by Cytoscape 3.6.1, 8, CAT and OGG1 (downregulated) and CASP3, COMT, CYP1B1, DPYD, NQO1, and PTGS1 (upregulated), were dysregulated in diabetes-related kidney disease. The data demonstrate the highly prospective use of CMJE in the regulation of tubulointerstitial tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

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Plants are an entity essential to the function of the biosphere as well as human health. In the context of human health, this research investigated the effect of Lasia spinosa (Lour) leaf methanolic extracts (LSML) on antioxidative enzymes and gene expression as well as biochemical and histological markers in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model. Fructose-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals were subjected to a four-week intervention followed by the assessment of the animal’s blood and tissues for enzymatic, biochemical, histological, and genetic changes. LSML-treated groups were shown to decrease plasma glucose levels and improve body and organ weights compared to the untreated group in a dose-dependent manner. At the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg b.w., LSML were able to normalize serum, hepatic, and renal biochemical parameters and restore the pancreas, kidney, liver, and spleen tissue architectures to their native state. A considerable increase (p < 0.01) of liver antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GSH, and a decrease of MDA level in LSML-treated groups were found at higher doses. The improved mRNA expression level of antioxidant genes CAT, SOD2, PON1, and PFK1 was also found at the doses of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg BW when compared to untreated control groups. The results demonstrate that LSML impacts the upregulation of antioxidative gene expressions, thus improving the diabetic complications in animal models which need to be affirmed by compound-based antioxidative actions for therapeutic development.

Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites is a medicinal plant of enormous traditional use with insu cient scienti c evidence. This research screened the antioxidative effect of L. spinosa extracts by measuring the total phenolic content, total avonoid content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, Iron chelating activity, and Ferric reducing power followed by an evaluation of in-vivo cardioprotective effect in doxorubicin-induced Wistar albino rats. Phytochemical characterization was made by Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic analysis. L. spinosa showed an excellent antioxidative effect while Methanol leaf extract (LSM) was found to be more potent than Ethyl acetate leaf extract (LSE) in scavenging the free radicals. Intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin caused a signi cant (P < 0.001) increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB), C-reactive protein(CRP), and Cardiac troponin I. Pretreatment with orally administrated (LSM100 and LSM200 mg/kg b.w) daily for 10 days showed a decrease in the cardiac markers, lipid pro les, especially triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), an increase of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to the disease control group. LSM200 was found to signi cantly (P < 0.05) decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH. It also restored TC, TG, and LDL levels compared to the doxorubicin-induced cardiac control group. The protective role of LSM was further con rmed by histopathological examination. This study thus demonstrates that L. spinosa methanol extract could be approached as an alternative supplement for cardiotoxicity, especially in the chemical-induced toxicity of cardiac tissues.

This research investigated pharmacological properties mainly the anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, thrombolytic and anxiolytic potential of methanol extract of Syzygium samarangense (MESS) var. parviflorum. Anti-inflammatory action by bovine serum albumin, egg albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization, anthelmintic by live parasites, thrombolytic by clot lysis and anxiolytic by elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark box (LDB) tests were measured. The four targeted pharmacological properties were further justified using the most prevalent compounds, isolated from this plant, to be undergone for their pharmacokinetic property’s analyses, sitemap analyses and lignad-receptor interactions by computational models through SwissADME and Schrödinger, 2018 softwares against PDB 6COX, 6D6T, 1JFF receptors. MESS was found to display statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of Bovine Serum albumin and Egg albumin denaturation compared to reference drug diclofenac sodium. Remarkable vermicidal effect on the paralysis and death of anthelmintic parasites was observed at MESS concentration 200 mg/dL. A nondescript clot lysis of MESS compared to streptokinase was evident in in vitro thrombolytic assay. MESS increased the number of times the animal crossed from one compartment to the other and the time spent in the brightly-lit chamber of the LDB. Three-methylchalcone derivatives out of seven MESS compounds were undertaken, based on cut off value and sitemap prediction score, for further ligand-receptor binding efficiency. All these three compounds showed promising docking score, glide emodel and glide energy against PDB 6COX, 6D6T and 1DDJ, plasmin proteins demonstrating the prospects of MESS to be materialized for anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and thrombolytic therapeutics with further clarification.