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The study was conducted among patients visiting the outpatient Department (OPD) of Public Health Dentistry, M.M college of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana to correlate the salivary parameters in male alcoholics and non-alcoholics between 18-49 years of age in Ambala District Haryana and to calibrate salivary parameters-pH, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate in chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic male subjects. Ethical approval from the institutional ethical committee (IEC) was taken and written informed consent was obtained from the study subjects prior to the study. Study sampleThe study population comprised of only male subjects who were vising the Out-patient Department (OPD) of Public Health Dentistry

This article presents the evolution of dentistry and in particular orthodontics, in India. We have come a long way since dental education was first introduced to us Indians, the wave of change brought about by the most esteemed and respectable pioneers of our profession, have led us to form a strong dental community in this world of tough competition. This article also presents the work of the great achievers of orthodontia, who have helped us raise the level of 'Indian Orthodontics' and have enabled us to soar to greater heights.

From the past several years, there have been numerous studies that describe the morphology of teeth, including mandibular first molars. This tooth presents a high rate of intercanals and anastomosis, mainly in the apical 5 mm, which presents a clinical challenge in terms of cleaning and disinfection. A missed canal can lead to failure of endodontic therapy. Therefore every effort must be made to locate additional canals if any. This case report shows a variation in conventional anatomy in mandibular first molars.