Among patients with advanced CKD and ESRD, the use of apixaban was associated with lower risk of major bleeding compared to warfarin, and was found to be relatively effective with no excess risk of thromboembolic events.

The treatment strategy for ventricular tachycardia (VT) is guided by patient symptoms, the risk of sudden death estimated by VT mechanism and underlying cardiac structure, and the risk vs. benefit ratio of potential therapies. Over the last few decades, catheter ablation has emerged as the primary treatment of idiopathic VT and become an important management strategy in reducing VT burden in patients with structural heart disease. This article reviews the technique and outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias as well as potential future directions for this procedure.

Discussion | This study was limited by a retrospective design with potential for selection bias, differential clinical follow-up among subgroups, and interobserver bias of imaging studies. Nevertheless, this large, single-center cohort enables us to conclude that the prevalence of critically prognostic conduction abnormalities and LV dysfunction is very high in MMD, at greater than 20% and greater than 10%, respectively. Incident QRS prolongation exceeding 10 milliseconds is associated with decreased LV function the subsequent year. Based on these findings, yearly ECG examinations and symptom/QRS prolongation-prompted LV function evaluation should be considered.