Chemical investigation of the fungal strain Gymnoascus reessii za-130, which was previously isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, led to the isolation and identification of a new indoloditerpenoid metabolite designated gymnoascole acetate. Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS analyses. Gymnoascole acetate demonstrated strong adverse effects on M. incognita second-stage juvenile (J2) viability; exposure to 36 μg/mL for 24 h induced 100% paralysis of J2 (EC = 47.5 μg/mL). Gymnoascole acetate suppressed M. incognita egg hatch relative to controls by >90% at 133 μg/mL after 7 days of exposure. The numbers of root galls and J2 in both soil and roots were significantly reduced (p = 0.05) by treatment with 2-200 μg/mL gymnoascole acetate/kg soil, compared to untreated control plants; nematode suppression increased with gymnoascole acetate concentration. This study demonstrated the nematotoxicity of gymnoascole acetate and indicates that it might be a potential biobased component in integrated management of M. incognita.

The relative equations between interceptor and target are conducted in rotation coordinate of Line of Sight. An error propagate model of LOS rate is established which is based on CADET (Covariance Analysis Describing Function Technique). This model takes several factors into consideration, such as estimate error of LOS rate, acceleration saturation of interceptor, sampling rate. A set of analytical solution is acquired. The uncertainty of Zero Effort Miss distance can be got conveniently according to the variety of LOS rotate rate. Finally, a contrast simulation with Mont-Carlo is taken to demonstrate the preciseness and efficiency of the method proposed in this paper. 978-1-4799-4699-0/14/$31.

No abstract