Self-reported CSA was associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, controlling for family background. Family background risk factors also were associated with adverse outcome risk. Discordant pair analysis seems to provide an effective means of controlling for family background risk factors.

"Contributions of parental alcoholism, prenatal substance exposure, and genetic transmission to child ADHD risk : A female twin study." Psychological Medicine. 35,5. 625-635. (2005 Contributions of parental alcoholism, prenatal substance exposure, and genetic transmission to child ADHD risk : a female twin study ABSTRACTBackground. Genetic influences have been shown to play a major role in determining the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, prenatal exposure to nicotine and/or alcohol has also been suggested to increase risk of the disorder. Little attention, however, has been directed to investigating the roles of genetic transmission and prenatal exposure simultaneously.

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This study revealed no difference in erectile recovery in men treated with hyperbaric oxygenation therapy vs placebo. Larger studies involving more diverse comorbidities and different hyperbaric oxygenation therapy regimens are needed to better evaluate the usefulness of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy for penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy.

Relative to men at low risk those at favorable intermediate risk represent a distinct group. Care should be taken when selecting these patients for active surveillance and monitoring them once they are in an active surveillance program.