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Nowadays, the devastating effects of the pollutants produced by gasoline are known well. As a result, scientists are looking for a better formula to replace the gasoline currently in use. Using different additives has been one of the strategies developed throughout the years. However, because certain compounds damage the environment and human life, researchers must now choose which additives to use. The primary goal of this work is to test a gasoline combination with nano-additives Ag2O and MnO2 in a 4-stroke vehicle engine (Fiat 128) and to investigate the influence of novel mixes on the efficiency of combustion rates and the amount of target pollutant gas released (CO, NOx, and the exhaust temperature). The tests were carried out at three different engine speeds: 2000, 2500, and 2900 rpm. At the end of the test, the 0.05% concentration of Ag2O nano-additive was chosen as the best sample, which increases engine performance in gasoline combustion rates and minimizes harmful gas emissions. Furthermore, CO and NOx emissions were lowered by 52% and 35%, respectively, according to EURO 6, indicating a considerable reduction in mortality rates and costs. Finally, a new mechanism was observed using Ag2O nanoparticles, leading to a reduction in CO and CO2 at the same time.

Abstract:The enhancement of the physicochemical characteristics of fossil fuel has been the subject of extensive research to achieve better efficiency and reduced emissions. Diesel is one of the fossil fuels that are highly consumed in daily life. This paper focuses on the behavior of a refined diesel fuel when copper oxide nanoparticles are added. The resulting blend of nano-diesel has been analyzed using a four-stroke engine under two loads indicating light vehicles and heavy duty vehicles. The nano-diesel was prepared by the aid of an ultrasonicator and a mechanical homogenizer. A base diesel was taken as a reference to distinguish the effect of the nanoparticles additives. Three different samples with different concentrations are utilized in this study. As a result, the fuel consumption, exhaust temperature, brake power, power losses and engine efficiency have been evaluated and compared to the base diesel in order to demonstrate and access the enhanced performance of the nano-fuel blend. The three concentrations conducted were 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm of copper oxide nanoparticles. The results represented that the pure refinery diesel has low exhaust temperatures, high brake power and high efficiency as compared to the commercial diesel supplied from a gas station. In addition, 300 ppm copper oxide nano-diesel showed improvement in engine performances as compared to the other concentrations and pure diesel. In this context, lowest fuel consumption for both passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles was achieved, brake power for passenger cars only was improved and input power showed improvement however, exhaust temperature was the highest as for this fuel.

Nowadays, gas processing for NGLs (Natural Gas Liquids) and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) recovery has gained a great interest due to the increase of the market demand as well as the higher prices of these products. Based on sales gas calorific value from ABU-SANNAN Condensate Recovery Plant (General Petroleum Company-Egypt) and by close monitoring of NGLs content in feed and sales gas, it is clear that there is a valuable amount of NGLs leave with sales gas without recovery. NGLs have significantly greater value as separated products than as part of the gas stream, so General Petroleum Company could seek ways and means to maximize NGLs recovery. The current research work proposes a possible modification of ABU-SANNAN Condensate Recovery Plant to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from natural gas liquids (NGLs), instead of producing lighter hydrocarbon gases during the stabilization process, in addition to the current condensate and sales gas products. The new LPG recovery unit will comprises of: Molecular Sieve based-dehydration unit, Turbo-Expander unit, Cold Box heat exchanger, DE-ETHANIZER system, DE-ETHANIZER Overhead compressor, DE-BUTANIZER system, and two LPG storage bullets. New process equipment selection, sizing and rating will be performed by using Aspen HYSYS simulation program V8.8. The results show that the retrofitted plant can produce 87 Tons/Day of LPG. The produced LPG can participate to solve the LPG shortage problem in Egypt. The economic evaluation for the Retrofitted Plant is conducted by using Aspen Capital Cost Estimator V8.8, to ensure rapid return of investment and good profitability over the expected lifetime. It is remarkable that the Retrofitted plant has a great value from the economic point of view as the total capital investment will be paid back within two years, so the Retrofitted plant will achieve a high and rapid return on investment (ROI). The efforts done in this work are helpful and can be applied for plants in operation as well as the plants under design for increasing their profits.