Petroleomics, which is the characterization, separation, and quantification of the components of petroleum and crude oil, is an emerging area of study. However, the repertoire of analytical methods available to understand commercial automotive lubricant oils (ALOs) is very limited. Ambient mass spectrometry is one of the most sensitive analytical methods for real-time and in situ chemical analysis. With this technique, the chemical fingerprinting of ALOs can be performed quickly and simply using dielectric barrier discharge ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In this study, the mass spectra of 35 samples were obtained without any sample preparation in positive-ion mode, and no carryover was observed. To elucidate the similarities and differences between the ALO samples, the data generated from these spectra were analyzed using four chemometric techniques: principal component analysis, multivariate curve resolution, hierarchical cluster analysis, and pattern recognition entropy. The ALO samples were readily differentiated according to their American Petroleum Institute classification and base oil types: mineral, semisynthetic, and synthetic. The development of this new methodology will aid in the semiquantitative control analysis of ALOs and offers an improved ability to identify the components therein.

When the biodiesel enters the crankcase, its degradation can lead to the formation of organic acids and polymerisation, to the point of clogging the system and the internal combustion engines. Therefore, this article proposed the study of lubricant oils in order to trace its biodiesel contamination. The results showed that in relation to the viscosity at 40 C there was reduction above the limit allowed for some samples. The viscosity index results showed considerable changes. Using infrared spectroscopy was noted that the contamination by fatty acid esters does not follow a pattern related to time of use in the motor. However, as the lubricant oil samples were used, they probably contain degradation products that altered the levels of oxygenated compounds. For this reason, the mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography quantified the predominant oil and fat steroids contents and confirmed the contamination by biodiesel.

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