Wine industry produces large quantities of by‐products rich in bioactive compounds from grapes, which could be utilized for nutraceutical purposes. We aim to evaluate antioxidant activity (AC) and bioactivity of grape pomace extract from Brazilian wine industry in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2). The content of bioactive compounds and AC of extracts were determined by ORAC, TEAC (ABTS•‐) and TRAP assays. Bioactivity was assessed on HepG2 and on normal human fibroblasts (BEAS). Cellular viability was accessed by MTT reduction and cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC) by dichlorofluorescein oxidation, under short‐, medium‐, and long‐term incubation periods. Total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins of extracts where, respectively, (mean±SD) 473.8±52.4 mg GAE/100g, 147.5±2.77 mg CE/100g and 105.5±7.27 mg cyanidin3‐glycoside/100g. Extract AC was (mean±SD; µmol TE/g) 27.1±0.33, 9.33±6.74, 122.2±2.40. HepG2 viability reduced in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Short‐term incubation had no effect whereas medium‐ and long‐term incubation induced, respectively, a 37% and a 75% reduction in viability. BEAS viability was not affected by the extract, regardless of time and concentration used. Interestingly, short‐term incubation promoted a dose‐response increase in HepG2 CAC, suggesting that decreased oxidative stress signals to decrease HepG2 proliferation. Taken together, wine industry by‐products present important antioxidant activity and potential selective anticancer and antiproliferative effects on HepG2 cells. Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ, CNPq, CAPES, EMBRAPA (Brazil)

Dairy fat is a rich source of the naturally occurring bioactive conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). We aimed to investigate the effects of dairy fat intake on serum metabolome in healthy young adults, in a CLA depletion‐repletion pilot study. Samples (n= 6) were analyzed in three sequential phases: (a) baseline; (b) at the end of an 8‐week period following a dairy fat restriction diet; and (c) at the end of an 8‐week period following a CLA‐repletion diet with regular dairy products and additional daily intake of 1.0 g of CLA from a naturally‐enriched butter. Serum metabolomic analyzes were carried out by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Serum citrate increased in the CLA‐depletion period and returned to baseline values after CLA‐repletion (P= 0.0072; repeated measures ANOVA). Inversely, serum creatine and creatinine increased after CLA‐repletion (P< 0.05). We also observed alterations in branched‐chain aminoacids, with a tendency to decrease serum valine after CLA‐repletion. The observed changes in serum metabolites suggest a beneficial effect of dairy fat and CLA on insulin sensitivity and, possibly, on glucose homeostasis. Taken together, our results indicate that intake of natural food sources of CLA promoted beneficial changes on serum metabolic profile of healthy young adults and also demonstrated that metabolomics is an useful tool for assessing concerted metabolic effects of dairy fat intake on human health. Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ, CNPq, CAPES (Brazil)