The article presents a concept of creating a textbook on literature for undergraduate Russian-Chinese languages major students, and therefore taking courses of Russian and Chinese literature. The relevance of the present research lies in the necessity to develop the strategy of moral education of the students undergoing professional training. The authors have used the activity-and-competence-building approach; they propose that the textbook should be regarded as a laboratory of creating a person's morality. According to the authors, a full-fledged moral person is an individual who strives for obtaining high moral qualities and who realizes the inconsistency with the ideal. The article demonstrates the samples of educational materials and tasks that will help the reader to come to certain moral conclusions and get a lesson in humanism, team spirit, patriotism, tolerance, etc. The authors show the use of comparative analysis, which creates an idea not only of the proximity of various elements of content and form in Russian and Chinese literature, but also of the similarity of moral criteria in assessing the personal values of two nations. Examples of texts taken from literatures of different countries and various time periods, possessing a certain typological similarity in the range of topics brought up by the writers,these examples convince us that although ethical criteria, in contrast to moral laws, although they are based on them, but they possess an overtemporal nature, they are eternal, universal.