Background:The myelomeningocele (MMC) is defined as a defective closure of the neural tube during embryogenesis, and affects on average 1 to 6 per 2,000 live births. Objective: Evaluate a experimental model of myelomeningocele (MMC), induced by retinoic acid (+RA) and valproic acid (VPA), regarding the occurrence of major malformations of the neural tube closure and among them the MMC. Methods: Mice fetuses were used assigned into 3 groups: Retinoic Group -Fetuses that received a single dose of +RA orally on the 10th day of pregnancy in increasing doses of 60mgIKg up to 120mg/kg diluted in vegetable oil at a concentration of 8mg/ml. Valproic Group -Fetuses that received 2 -3 intraperitoneal doses of VPA on the eighth day of pregnancy in increasing doses of 1350mg/kg up to 3000 mg/Kg. Control Group -Fetuses that received only distilled water. In 21st day of pregnancy, the animals were subjected to euthanasia in an ether chamber followed by laparotomy. The fetuses were initially examined externally for determination of macroscopic changes of malformations of the spine and tail. Results: The model showed results that allow its use in studying malformations of the spine and other associated malformations. However, the model VPA was not viable for inducing these malformations. RESUMO Introdução: A mielomeningocele (MMC) é definida como o não fechamento adequado do tubo neural durante a embriogênese, acomete em média 1 a 6 em cada 2000 nascidos vivos. Objetivo: Avaliar o modelo experimental de mielomeningocele (MMC), induzido pelo ácido retinóico (AR) e ácido valpróico (AVP), quanto à ocorrência das principais malformações do fechamento do tubo neural, dentre elas a MMC. Métodos: Foram utilizados fetos de ratos distribuídos em 3 grupos: Grupo retinóico -Fetos provenientes de ratas que receberam dose única de AR via oral no décimo dia de gestação em doses crescentes de 60mgIKg a 120mg/kg, diluída em óleo vegetal na concentração de 8mg/ml, Grupo valpróico -Fetos provenientes de ratas que receberam 2 -3 doses de AVP via peritoneal no oitavo dia de gestação em doses crescentes de 1350mglKg a 3000mg/Kg e Grupo controle -Fetos de ratas que receberam somente água destilada. No vigésimo primeiro dia de gestação, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia em câmara com éter e laparotomia para retirada dos fetos. Os fetos foram, inicialmente, examinados externamente para determinação de alterações macroscópicas de malformações de coluna vertebral e da cauda. Resultados: O modelo AR apresentou resultados que permitem o seu emprego no estudo das malformações da coluna vertebral e outras malformações associadas. No entanto, o modelo AVP não se mostrou viável para a indução de tais malformações.
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