The super-resolution near-field structure with a platinum-oxide layer was applied to the Blu-ray Disc system. The carrier-to-noise ratios of 50.1, 46.2, and 39.2 dB were obtained at the mark lengths of 75, 50, and 37.5 nm, respectively, which are smaller than the resolution limit of 119 nm of the optics. Mark position recording with a mark length of 50 nm was also attempted, and we succeeded in retrieving recorded patterns correctly without loss of the signal.

Veterinary medicine has made tremendous progress for domestic dogs, which are irreplaceable family members enriching human life. Nevertheless, no adequate supply system exists for their blood products. This study examined the synthesis, structure, safety, and efficacy of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-conjugated porcine serum albumin (POx-PSA) as an artificial plasma expander for dogs. The aqueous POx-PSA solution showed moderately high colloid osmotic pressure and good blood cell compatibility. Actually, lyophilized powder stored for 1 year can regenerate into a homogeneous solution. The circulation half-life of POx-PSA in rats was 2.1-fold longer than that of naked PSA. Rats produced neither anti-PSA IgG antibody nor anti-POx IgG antibody, which suggests excellent immunological stealth properties of POx-PSA. Complete resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in rats was achieved soon after injection of POx-PSA solution. Serum biochemistry tests and histopathological observations indicated no abnormality in the related organs. When POx-PSA was administered to dogs intravenously, (i) no serum biochemical or hematological alteration was observed, also (ii) no overt deterioration of animal health was observed. These results indicate that POx-PSA has potential as an artificial plasma expander for dogs.

We firstly report the bit error rate (bER) characteristics of a super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) write-once read-many (WORM) disk in a blue laser optical system, (laser wavelength 405 nm, numerical aperture 0.85) with a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the 75 nm mark (50 GB Capacity) of 47 dB and a low frequency noise of approximately 20 dB. The recording state should be precisely controlled by an adequate writing strategy for bER measurement. Together with the above conditions, using the frequency-dependent gain controlled equalization (EQ) and advanced partial-response maximum likelihood (PRML) technique, bER of 10-3 order at 50 GB was obtained.

This paper describes the synthesis and O 2 binding properties of core− shell structured hemoglobin (Hb) nanoparticles (NPs), artificial O 2 carriers of five types, as designed for use as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes. Human adult Hbs were polymerized using α-succinimidyl-ω-maleimide and dithiothreitol in spheroidal shapes to create parent particles. Subsequent covalent wrapping of the sphere with human serum albumin (HSA) yielded 100 nm-diameter Hb nanoparticles (HbNPs). The HbNP showed higher O 2 affinity than that of RBC, but NPs prepared under a N 2 atmosphere exhibited low O 2 affinity. Entirely synthetic particles comprising recombinant human adult Hb and recombinant HSA were also fabricated. Using a recombinant Hb (rHb) variant in which Leu-β28 of the heme pocket had been replaced with Phe, we found somewhat low O 2 affinity of rHb(βL28F)NP. Particles made of stroma-free Hb (SFHb) containing natural antioxidant enzyme catalase (SFHbNP) formed a very stable O 2 complex, even in aqueous H 2 O 2 solution. The SFHbNP showed good blood compatibility and did not affect the blood cell component functionality. The circulation half-life of SFHbNP in rats was considerably longer than that of naked Hb. All results indicate these Hb-based NPs as useful alternative materials for RBC and as a useful O 2 therapeutic reagent in diverse medical scenarios.

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