SynopsisA few cellulose derivatives were prepared by the reaction of chlorodeoxycellulose (CDC) with ethylenediamine (ED), thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, thioacetamide, and others. These derivatives were found to be able to remove mercuric ions to an extent greater than 99% from a 10 ppm aqueous solution of mercuric chloride. For example, thiocellulose obtained by reacting CDC with thiourea and subsequently hydrolyzing it showed such good removal in the batch and continuous removal tests which involved passing the solution through a column packed with this cellulose derivatives.
EXPERIMENTAL
MaterialsCellulose powder (Merck, Art 2331) for column chromatography was used. As for thionyl chloride, ethylenediamine (85% aqueous solution) (ED), dimethylformamide, thiourea, and other chemicals, best grade reagents were employed.
SynopsisCopolymers with a quaternary ammonium salt side group have been prepared from vinylbenzyl-cetyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylonitrile and their antibacterial activity has been examined with Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichiu coli. Growth inhibitory effect has been found to increase with the increase in the quaternary ammonium salt concentrhtion in the copolymer. The effect is small on gram-negative bacteria and large on gram-positive bacteria.
Insoluble polymers adsorbing bacterial cells were prepared by reactions of chloromethylated, divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene ( CMPS ) beads with poly (ethylene glycol) 600 (PEGGOO), PEG monolaurate (PEGLE) , polyethylenimines ( PEIs, MW = ca. 300, 600, and 1200, referred to as PEI300, PEIGOO, and PEI1200, respectively), as well as ethylenediamine (ED) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEP) as polyethylenepolyamines. CMPS-ED and CMPS-TEP were further quaternized with 1-iodooctane (10) and 1-iodododecane (IDD) , respectively. These polymers were brought into contact with Escherichia coli by stirring in sterilized, distilled, and deionized water. Although CMPS-PEG and CMPS-PEGLE did not adsorb the cells, they caused a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decrease seemed to result from the bactericidal action of substances leached from the polymers. CMPS-PEI300, CMPS-PEIGOO, and CMPS-PEI1200, CMPS-ED-10, and CMPS-TEP-IDD caused a decrease in the viable cell number by adsorption of the cells to their surfaces. It was observed with a scanning electron microscope that the cells were present on the surfaces of CMPS-PEIGOO beads. The decrease coefficient for decrease in viable cell number of E. coli caused by the polymer increased with nitrogen content of the polymer. The adhesion of the cells to CMPS-PEI300, CMPS-PEIGOO, and CMPS-PEI1200, CMPS-ED-10. and CMPS-TEP-IDD was due mainly to electrostatic interaction between them.
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