Ecological and physiological studies conducted in recent years show that one of the most important factors determining the state of health is the environment. Natural and climatic factors of the Arctic zone contribute to a decrease in the reserve capacity of human immune homeostasis, the reduction of which forms secondary environmentally dependent immune imbalances, manifested by chronic pathology and frequent recurrences of diseases in the anamnesis, in particular, erosive gastritis. The study of the adaptive immune response during the period of long-term remission is extremely important, it allows us to predict the recurrence of the disease and carry out timely prevention. The study involved 30 women, aged 50–70 years with a history of chronic gastritis in the stage of long-term remission (3–5 years), residents of the Arctic region of the village. Pinega Arkhangelsk region. The study of the immune status included the determination in the peripheral blood of: the content of lymphocytes with CD3⁺, CD5⁺, CD8⁺, CD16⁺, CD25⁺, CD95⁺ receptors; phagocytic activity, phagocytic number using the application package Statistica 10.0, Microsoft Excel 2010. It was found that elevated concentrations of natural killer cells (CD16⁺) and cytotoxic cells (CD8⁺) occurred in 28,57±1,77% and 60,00±2,56% of cases, respectively, against the background of a pronounced deficiency in the content of T-lymphocytes (CD5⁺) in 96,66±3,26% and (CD3⁺) in 96,29±3,25% of the subjects, which indicates a reduction in the reserve capacity of immune homeostasis. Deficiency of phagocytic activity was registered in 23,33±1,60% of individuals. The revealed increased concentrations of cells with CD25⁺ and CD95⁺ receptors, combined with a high activity of phagocytosis, in our opinion, should be considered a compensatory mechanism of the adaptive immune response with a favorable prognosis for maintaining a long-term remission of the disease.

The natural discomfort of the North is determined by a combination of geographical, climatic, hydrological and other conditions and has an adverse impact on human health. Arterial hypertension (arterial hypertension) in the inhabitants of the North often proceeds malignantly, gives a high frequency of complications in the form of damage to target organs and is one of the most frequent and typical diseases in extreme conditions of nature and work. Early detection of hypertension, timely treatment that improves the quality of life of a person, especially women aged 40-60 years in conditions of increasing the retirement age, is extremely important. To determine the levels of cytotoxic activity and apoptosis in women 40-60 years old with a history of chronic pathology (arterial hypertension) and practically healthy (control). The complex of immunological examination of people included the determination of leukogram, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phenotyping of lymphocytes: CD8+ (T-suppressor cells), CD95+ (Fas-ligand), using the method of indirect immunoperoxidase reaction using monoclonal antibodies in 116 women 40-60 years old living in the Far North of the Russian Federation (Nadym, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and Pinega, Arkhangelsk region). Among them: 46 people — persons with a history of chronic pathology (arterial hypertension) and 70 people — practically healthy persons. Thus, in women 40-60 years old with arterial hypertension, there is an increased content of the total number of lymphocytes, T-suppressors (CD8+), Fas-ligand (CD95+) in 4,30-60,90% of cases, depending on the indicator. Among healthy women aged 40-60 years, an increased content of T-suppressors (CD8+) and Fas-ligand (CD95+) in 47.88 and 21.12% of cases, respectively, indicates that they are at risk of developing hypertension.