Introduction. Lung cancer is the most common type of occupational malignancies. A "case–control" study may allow an initial assessment of the impact of certain factors on the risk of developing malignant neoplasms. The study aims to conduct a "case–control" study by collecting data through a questionnaire and identifying a possible link between the incidence of lung malignancies and professional activity. Materials and methods. Researchers conducted a case-control study in the Rostov region. The authors carried out data collection by the questionnaire method. Results. Specialists received 363 questionnaires for persons from the "cases" group and 599 for persons from the control group. The ratio of lung cancer detection risks in coal industry workers was higher compared to the population control (OR=1,229(0.891–1.696)), was lower compared to humanitarian workers (OR=0.983(0.645–1.500)). The risk ratio of lung cancer detection in smoking men was higher (OR=1.997; CI (0.792–5.036)). Workers who smoke more than one pack per day have a higher risk of lung cancer detection (OR=1,667(0.860–3.231)). Statistically significant risk ratio in the group of construction sector workers compared to humanitarian workers OR=2.275(1.244–4.159), as well as in the group of technical professions OR=0.606(0.404–0.909). Limitations. Insufficient research potential due to the high level of refusal of respondents, administrative and legal restrictions, little information and its inaccuracy. Conclusion. There was a tendency to increase the risk of lung cancer among coal industry workers compared to other professions, as well as a tendency to increase the risk of lung cancer among coal industry workers who smoke more than one pack per day (but without achieving statistically reliable indicators). Further epidemiological studies in this direction are needed based on the use of modern digital databases. Ethics. Protocol No. 4 of April 17, 2019 of the meeting of the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health.

Introduction. The coal industry, being one of the leading sectors of the Russian economy, occupies a leading position in terms of the share of workers employed in harmful and dangerous working conditions (79.1% in 2021). Unfavorable working conditions and overwork make a significant contribution to the formation of mortality rates in the workplace of employees engaged in coal mining, both due to industrial injuries, and from common diseases. The study aims to research the causes and mortality rates in the workplace at coal mining enterprises in Russia. Materials and methods. According to Rosugleprof, the authors have carried out an analysis of the mortality of workers engaged in coal mining in the workplace due to occupational injuries and general diseases for the period 2020-2022 . The researchers calculated the rates of fatal injuries per million tons of coal mining and per one thousand employees, as well as mortality from general diseases per one thousand employees, also conducted an analysis within the industry and compared with the country as a whole. An in-depth analysis of fatal injuries in 2022 was carried out. Results. In 2020, the level of fatal injuries in coal mining amounted to 0.13 per thousand workers, including 0.28 per thousand employees in mines, which is three and six times higher, respectively, compared with the country as a whole (0.045 per one thousand employees). In 2021, injury rates increased, amounting to 0.51, 1.72 and 0.06 per one thousand employees, respectively. The reason for the sharp increase in injury rates in 2021 was an accident with a methane explosion in a mine, which claimed the lives of 51 people. In-depth analysis of injuries in 2022 He showed that the main causes of fatal accidents in the conduct of coal mining operations are violation of safety rules and personal carelessness. Almost 95% of cases of acute diseases are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Five to six cases of general illnesses requiring urgent medical care accounted for one death at the workplace, while seven to eight cases of occupational injuries accounted for one death. Conclusion. Despite ongoing measures to improve working conditions, the coal industry continues to have an extremely high rate of workplace mortality, both due to injuries and due to death from natural causes. The most unfavorable situation is observed in the mines. This is due to the presence of a complex of harmful and dangerous production factors and a high risk of accidents. Of particular importance is the nervous and stressful nature of work and overwork of workers, which leads to a significant number of potentially preventable injuries due to personal negligence and cases of acute cardiovascular diseases. This indicates the need to develop and implement measures to reduce mortality, including through the use of forecasting and risk assessment, as well as strengthening therapeutic and preventive measures, including the optimization of work and rest regimes of employees. Ethics. The study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Introduction. It is known that workers employed in harmful and dangerous working conditions initially have better health characteristics compared to the population as a result of medical and professional selection. Harmful production factors cause significant damage to health and can lead to the formation of occupational diseases. Preventive medical and rehabilitation care for patients with occupational pathology, combined with social and economic support measures, contributes to maintaining health and increasing life expectancy. It is important to understand how medical and social assistance to patients compensates for the damage caused to the health of workers by harmful working conditions. The study aims to compare the life expectancy of coal miners with an established diagnosis of occupational disease (OD) and the male population of the same region. Materials and methods. The researchers formed a cohort of coal miners in the Rostov region based on the materials of the database of the State Medical Institution of the Rostov region "Medical and Rehabilitation Center No. 2". All surveyed coal miners have established occupational diseases in different years. The observation period was 26 years from 01.01.1990 to 31.12.2015. Of the total cohort at the end of the observation period, 1,898 people were alive, 8082 people died. The experts examined the working conditions of miners, the average age of registration of the OD, depending on the nosological form. The researchers have conducted a comparative assessment of their life expectancy and the life expectancy of the male population of the same region, calculated from mortality tables. Results. The calculation of the average life expectancy of miners showed that its value in subgroups with different forms of OD differed significantly depending on the diagnosis: from 58.7 to 68.2 years. A comparative analysis of the life expectancy of coal miners with an established diagnosis of OD and in population control revealed a lower life expectancy of miners. The smallest differences in life expectancy we have noted in those miners who have a diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Their life compared to the men of the Rostov region was shorter by less than a year. At the same time, miners with a diagnosis of occupational bronchitis lived 5.3 years less and with a diagnosis of vibration disease - 4.8 years compared to the population control. Conclusion. The study showed that coal miners diagnosed with occupational diseases have a lower average life expectancy than in the population, despite the "healthy worker effect", which we have as a result of medical selection and self-selection of persons to work in contact with harmful production factors. The lower life expectancy of workers with a diagnosis of occupational diseases we trace both in total for all diseases, and for individual forms of OD. Ethics. The authors have conducted the study in compliance with Ethical standards.