Introduction. The antioxidant defense system is involved in protecting the body from long-term exposure to harmful damaging factors. Polymorphisms in the genes of antioxidant defense enzymes change the response to oxidative stress in occupational respiratory diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, occupational asthma, and others. The aim was to study the polymorphism of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes to predict the risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis in miners of the main occupations of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass. Materials and methods. One hundred eighty two coal mine workers with long-term exposure to high concentrations of coal-rock dust (exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations by up to 35 times), including 116 people with a previously proven diagnosis of chronic dust bronchitis, were examined. The comparison group (66 workers) consisted of the persons without a proven diagnosis, working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using phenol-chloroform extraction method. Typing of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes was performed using the Real-Time method. Results. The chance of detecting the AA genotype of the MnSOD gene and the GG genotype of the GPX1 gene in long-term labour experience miners with chronic dust bronchitis was found to be 2 times and 6 times higher than in the comparison group, respectively. The AA GPX1 genotype had been shown to be a factor in resistance to the development of this disease. The combination of AA/GG genotypes of the MnSOD/GPX1 genes was statistically significantly associated with a 1.5-fold risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis. Combinations of genotypes of the MnSOD/GPX1 GG/AA, AA/AA, and AG/AA genes were associated with the resistance to the development of chronic dust bronchitis. The data obtained can be used for personalized prediction of the risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis in long-term labour experience miners of the main occupations. Limitations. The study was limited to the number of miners who underwent periodic medical examinations and were hospitalized at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate to the contribution of the polymorphism of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes to the development of chronic dust bronchitis.

Introduction. The long-term highly toxic effect of fluorides on the body causes the development of production-related pathology of the musculoskeletal system and mineral metabolism in aluminum industry workers. Bone and joint destruction occurring against the background of chronic intoxication has a hereditary component. A molecular genetic study of the generalized form of fluoride osteopathy will allow to establish associations of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene with violations of the architectonics of bone tissue and to determine the need for the use of modern methods of osteological analysis in the early diagnosis of chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds. The study aims to learn the associative relationship of the degree of change in bone mineral density with the genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in aluminum industry workers. Materials and methods. We have carried out the analysis of the features of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, osteopenia and osteosclerosis in workers of the main professions of aluminum production with the use of molecular and clinical research methods. Specialists have examined 170 workers with chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds and 57 individuals with individual signs of fluoride exposure to the skeleton. We have completed osteodensitometry by two-energy photon X-ray absorptiometry. Experts conducted a detection of polymorphism 283 A>G (BsmI) VDR by PCR Real Time. Results. There is a correspondence between the registration of the frequency of genotypes of polymorphism 283 A>G (BsmI) of the vitamin D receptor gene corresponding to the Hardy-Weinberg law (p>0.05). Experts have established significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles in groups in accordance with densitometry data. A decrease in bone mineral density in the area of the distal diaphysis of the femur is associated with the AG VDR genotype. Osteoporosis at the L1-L4 level is associated with GG VDR, the G allele. Carriers of the AA VDR genotype and the A allele are resistant to the development of osteoporosis and osteosclerosis. In the group with a combined form of osteoporosis, the AG VDR genotype prevails. Limitations. There was a limit on the number of highly skilled workers in the aluminum industry who have been on inpatient treatment in the Research Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems and Occupational Diseases. Conclusion. We have revealed the association of BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene with the development of toxic fluoride osteopathy in various parts of the skeleton in the structure of occupational pathology of aluminum industry workers. The GG genotype at the L1-L4 vertebral level is associated with the development of osteoporosis. Researchers have identified a high a high degree of association of the AA genotype with resistance to osteosclerosis. Osteoporosis combined with articular syndrome is associated with the AG genotype, the G allele, which determines violations of the architectonics of long tubular bones. The owners of the A allele are resistant to osteoporosis, are distinguished by a higher bone component of the distal, axial skeleton. Ethics. Specialists have conducted the survey of aluminum industry workers at the Clinic of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in accordance with the Ethical principles of conducting scientific and medical research with human participation ("Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266, 2003, Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical Principles of Scientific medical Research with human participation", 2013). The study was conducted with the written consent of the subjects.

Introduction. The urgency of the problem determines the high level of occupational morbidity in aluminum production workers and the prevalence of somatic pathology, which occupies one of the leading positions in the pathogenesis of fluorosis.The aim of the study is to determine the clinical and genetic features of the nature of concomitant visceral pathology in workers with industrial fluorosis.Materials and methods. A complex of clinical, biochemical, molecular, genetic, and instrumental research methods was used in patients with fluorosis (246 people) and in the control group (106 people).Results. A high frequency of health disorders in workers engaged in the production of aluminum was determined during long-term monitoring. An extended clinical and genetic study of the state of somatic organs in workers with fluorosis and in control is presented. It is revealed that in the group of subjects with proven diagnosis, pathologies concomitant with the main disease were significantly more common: pathologies of musculoskeletal and articular systems, blood circulation, respiratory (rhinitis, chronic, toxic and dust-borne bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), hepatobiliary (steatosis, fluoride hepatopathy), gastrointestinal tract (chronic gastritis, cholecystopancreatitis), renal systems (pyelonephritis, urolithiasis), as well as a combination of several nosologies was in 43%. The association of GG VEGF genotypes with chronic pyelonephritis and TT Il1ß, GSTT 1 0/0 with fluoride hepatosis was revealed in patients with fluorosis.Conclusions. The structure of occupational morbidity in workers of the main professions of aluminum production is dominated by concomitant pathology of functional systems against the background of bone destruction, determined by endogenous factors of the course of metabolic processes of the body.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Introduction. Clinical studies have shown the development of a complex of non-specific changes in internal organs due to chronic fluoride intoxication. The accumulation of fluorine in the body initiates free radical oxidation, promotes the development of pathological processes in the heart against the background of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Pathological activation of intima cells leads to unbalanced production of damaging factors, changes in the hemostasis system, and entails morphological and functional disorders of organs. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on one hundred twenty white male rats. A morphological study of the heart, blood vessels was performed out at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of chronic fluoride intoxication. Results. The 1st-3rd weeks of the experiment are characterized by the preservation of the morphological structure of the cardiac muscle against the background of the previously shown a compensatory activation of the components of the redox-signalling system, which provided a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes. With an increase in the duration of exposure to sodium fluoride (6–9 weeks) these mechanisms failure was noted, which was manifested by the development of degenerative changes in the myocardium, progressing up to the 12th week of the experiment. The described changes correlated with the development of endotheliosis, degenerative and fibroplastic processes, circulatory disorders in the vessels of the heart and other organs. Limitations. Histological findings are descriptive. Conclusion. The results obtained are of practical importance for the elaboration of effective methods for timely organ-protective prevention and correction of pathomorphological disorders, depending on the organ-specific features and duration of fluoride intoxication.

The aim of the study was to study the polymorphism of HIF-1A (rs11549465) and VEGFA (rs2010963) genes and their association with immunological parameters among the miners with lung dust pathology in the Kemerovo region. Material and methods. 200 Kuzbass miners aged from 39 to 58 years, working in the primary occupations with a high risk of occupational pathology, were examined. All the subjects were divided into two groups: the 1st group included 130 cases with a proven diagnosis of dust lung pathology. The 2nd group was a control one represented by 70 workers in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions but without occupational diseases. Polymorphisms of the HIF-1A (rs11549465) and VEGFA (rs2010963) genes were studied by the method of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunological parameters were determined by immunoenzyme (immunoglobulins A, M and G) and immunoturbidimetric (haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and α-1-antitrypsin) methods. Results. The study of the distribution of heterozygous genotypes 1772C/T HIF-1A and -634G/C VEGFA did not reveal statistically significant differences between the miners with dust lung pathology and healthy individuals in the South of the Kemerovo region. However, the study results showed heterozygous polymorphisms HIF-1A and VEGFA, particularly the level of haptoglobin α-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, and IgM, to affect the mmune status of the miners with dust lung pathology. Conclusion. Heterozygous polymorphisms 1772C/T HIF-1A and -634G/C VEGFA can be used to determine the immune response and predict the development of dust lung pathology in miners, as well as the choice of treatment and preventive measures.