<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> From May to December 2019, a literature review of the urinary system iatrogenic injury problem was performed. The most cited, representative articles in PubMed, Scopus, and WoS databases dedicated to this problem were selected. Urinary system iatrogenic injuries include ureter, bladder, urethra, and kidney traumas. It is widely thought that the main causes of such injuries are urological, obstetric, gynecological, and surgical operations on the retroperitoneal space, pelvis, or perineum. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The purpose of the study is to describe all aspects of the iatrogenic injure problem, under the established scheme and for each of the most damaged organs: the urethra, bladder, kidney, and ureter. The treatment of confirmed iatrogenic injuries largely depends on the period of its detection. Modern medical procedures provide conservative or minimally invasive treatment. An untimely diagnosis worsens the treatment prognosis. “Overlooked” urinary system trauma is a serious threat to society and a particular patient. Thus, incorrect or traumatic catheterization can lead to infection (RR 95%) and urethral stricture (RR ≥11–36%), and percutaneous puncture nephrostomy can cause the risk of functional renal parenchyma loss (median 5%), urinary congestion (7%), or sepsis (0.6–1.5%). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Lost gain, profits, long-term and expensive, possibly multistage treatment, stress and depression, and the risks of suicide put a heavy financial, moral, and ethical burden on a person and society. Also, iatrogenic injury might have legal consequences. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Thus, the significant problem of urinary tract iatrogenic injuries is still difficult to solve. There is a need to implement mandatory examining algorithms for patients at risk, as well as the multidisciplinary principle for all pelvic surgery.

Objective. The study presents results of the low-intensity intravenous (IV) laser radiation effect on some indicators of the hemostasis system and respiratory function of 83 patients with a chronic lung disease (COPD), stable phase, II-III (after GOLD scale), including 51 men and 32 women. The average COPD duration was 9.6±4.4 years. Materials and methods. All patients with COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups - comparison (30 people) and main (53 people). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy people, matched by sex and age. Patients in the control group received only standard drug therapy with IGCC/DBA combination (budesonide/formoterol, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate inhalation at a therapeutic dose corresponding to the COPD clinical symptoms severity). Result and Discussion. In addition to the basic treatment, the main group received a course of intravenous lowintensity laser radiation. As established before the treatment initiation, patients with COPD experienced a decrease in FEV1, Tiffno index, SaO2. Conclusion. The respiratory function disruption was accompanied by a significant activation of plasma hemostasis ( prothrombin time shortening, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) and a significant increase in platelet aggregation (increase in the aggregation degree, aggregation rate, decrease in the aggregation time). At the same time, in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in anticoagulant activity was observed before treatment, particularly antithrombin III decrease when compared with the control group (p <0.05) and CRP (main group: 0.86±0.02; control group: 0.85±0.02). The introduction of low-intensity laser radiation into the patients complex with COPD led to the these parameters normalization. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.586-592

Objective: The purpose of this research is to assess regulatory, organizational and methodological documents, as well as Russian and international recommendations, to use infromation from them to identify and systematize problems in prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, and tooffer solutions. Materials and Methods: Analysis encompasees the key Federal Laws of the Russian Federation; orders, records, and reports provided by various ministries and departments of the Russian Federation,as well as by the leading research institutes; guides, manuals, and federal recommendations; the latest Russian and foreign guidelines and recommendations on prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Results and Discussion: Analysis was faced with a number of problems:poor correlation between changes in regulatory documents governing the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases; incomplete allowance for international experience and guidelines on prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, incomplete epidemiological data; poor coordination and uneven assignment of responsibilities in structures involved in prevention; shift in emphasis from population-oriented prevention and high-risk groups towards secondary prevention; below-satisfactory efficiency of tuberculosis screening in clinical examination. Conclusions: Their resolutionmay significantly increase the effectiveness of measures intendedfor prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors from occurence in Russia.

Objective.Primary hyperaldosteronism (PGA) (Conn’s syndrome) is a relatively rare phenomenon in therapeutic practice, occurring in 4,7–9%. In resistant hypertension (HTN) the rate of PGA achieves 10–20%. Often it results from the aldosterone-producing adrenal tumors and manifests by symptomatic HTN, neuromuscular, and renal symptoms. We present the cases of successful verification and surgical treatment of PGA. HTN patients and patients with rhabdomyolysis symptoms (increased creatine phosphokinase or lactate dehydrogenase) require further examination to exclude PGA.

ФГБОУ ВО "Иркутский государственный медицинский университет" Минздрава России. Иркутск, Россия Цель. Обосновать возможность использования данных, полученных в центрах здоровья (ЦЗ) Иркутской области, для мониторинга факторов риска (ФР) сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). Материал и методы. Из 9 ЦЗ Иркутской области ретроспективно были проанализированы 3374 карты ЦЗ пациентов в возрасте 25-64 лет за 2010-2012гг, отобранные случайным способом. Оценивались основные ФР ССЗ. Результаты были представлены в виде медианы (Ме [LQ; UQ]), процентов (%), критерия χ 2 , разница оценивалась как статистически значимая при p<0,05. Результаты. Соотношение женщин и мужчин 25-64 лет в структуре посещаемости ЦЗ ИО составило 4,1:1, в то время как в популяции Иркутской области-1,15:1, также были различия в распределении по возрастным группам. Распространенность гиперхолестеринемии; избыточного потребления соли; недостаточного потребления овощей и фруктов; недостаточной физической активности; повышенного артериального давления; ожирения; курения; избыточного потребления алкоголя у женщин, мужчин и общая стандартизиро