Background: After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in children 15-17 years of age increased in the Russian Federation from 16 per 100 000 population in 1992 to 37 per 100 000 in 2009, and new control measures were implemented. Methods: Children were screened annually for TB exposure with a tuberculin skin test (TST) at age 1-8 years. If positive, they were investigated for active TB. If no active TB was found, they were treated with isoniazid for 4-6 months; they then underwent 6-monthly skin tests (which included two recombinant proteins) until negative and annual skin tests thereafter. From the age of 8 years, the yearly follow-up was performed using the skin test that included two recombinant proteins, either until they became negative, developed active TB, or turned 18 years. Results: The annual incidence of TB in Russian children decreased from 19.1 per 100 000 population in 2001 to 8.3 per 100 000 population in 2018. Conclusions: Annual screening for TB exposure with treatment for latent or active TB has reduced the annual incidence of TB in Russian children aged 15-17 years to 1992 levels.

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Представленное клиническое наблюдение демонстрирует волнообразное течение первичного туберкулеза, вызванного микобактериями ту беркулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, у ребенка 8 лет, имеющего сопутствующую патологию ЦНС, опорно-двигательной системы и проживающего в социальном учреждении закрытого типа. Заболевание выявлено через 2 года после раннего периода первичной туберкулезной инфекции и проведения специфической химиопрофилактики двумя противотуберкулезными препаратами. Заболевание диагностировано при обследовании по поводу аспирационной пневмонии, протекавшей с выраженной клинической картиной. Лечение аспирационной пневмонии и туберкулеза легких с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя было успешно завершено.Ключевые слова: хронический первичный туберкулез, дети, множественная лекарственная устойчивость возбудителя, сопутствующая патология, детский церебральный паралич. The clinical case demonstrated the interm ittent course of primary tuberculosis caused by multiple drug resistant mycobacteria in 8 year old child with concurrent disorders of CNS and locomotor apparatus and living in the social institution of the closed type. The disease was detected in 2 years after the early period of primary tuberculous infection and administered preventive treatment by two anti-tuberculosis drugs. The disease was diagnosed during examination due to aspiration pneumonia with expressed clinical manifestations. Treatment of aspiration pneumonia and multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis was successfully completed. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE CHILD WITH CONCURRENT CONDITIONS