Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Tilletia indica is a major concern in international trade because it can degrade quality significantly, and it is a quarantine pest for Indonesia. Tilletia infected seeds can be the source of fungal inoculum of other areas. The current research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of temperature and exposure time to control Tilletia using air heat treatment without reducing the quality of grain. The experiments were conducted in vitro, initiated by seed testing, including morphology-based detection and identification of Tilletia followed by a viability test of the seed. Air heat treatment was performed by adjusting the oven temperature at 75, 80, 85 °C and 28 °C (control) for 4 and 6 hr exposure time, each with three replications. The results showed that air heat treatment of the wheat at 75 °C for 4 hr was able to suppress teliospores germination of 56.7–61.7%, without denature protein content of the wheat.

ABSTRAKKrisan (Chrysanthemum indicum) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang mempunyai peluang sangat besar sebagai sumber devisa negara. Volume ekspor bunga potong krisan Indonesia cenderung terus meningkat. Namun di lapangan, Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) sering menginfestasi bunga potong krisan sehingga hal ini akan menurunkan kualitas bunga dan dapat menghambat kegiatan ekspor bunga potong krisan karena dapat mengurangi pemenuhan persyaratan kesehatan tumbuhan negara pembeli/pengimpor. Untuk mengatasi hal ini maka diperlukan perlakuan karantina yang efektif. Fumigan fosfin formulasi cair diharapkan dapat memenuhi persyaratan perlakuan karantina negara pengimpor. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan konsentrasi dan waktu papar aplikasi fumigan fosfin formulasi cair yang efektif terhadap T. parvispinus pada bunga potong krisan dan mengevaluasi kualitas bunga potong krisan akibat perlakuan fumigan fosfin. T. parvispinus dipaparkan fosfin cair pada 9 konsentrasi fosfin cair (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, dan 200 ppm) dan 3 waktu papar (1, 3, dan 6 jam). Kemudian, dilakukan uji validasi konsentrasi dan waktu papar yang efektif dan evaluasi kualitas bunga potong krisan akibat perlakuan fumigan fosfin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi fosfin cair pada konsentrasi 200 ppm dengan waktu papar 1 jam efektif menyebabkan mortalitas 100% T. parvispinus pada bunga potong krisan. Pada konsentrasi tersebut bahkan hingga waktu papar 6 jam tidak menimbulkan kerusakan fisik atau kelayuan pada bunga potong krisan (kualitas bunga tetap baik). ABSTRACTChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) as one of horticultural commodities has a good prospect to be developed as source of country revenue. The export of cut flowers of chrysanthemum from Indonesia tends to increase year by year. However, Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) which is major insect pest of chrysanthemum often attacks this flower in the field until postharvest causing the decrease of quality of flowers. The poor quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemum including the presence of T. parvispinus will be rejected by foreign businesses.