Neuroendocrine tumours are epithelial neoplasms with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rare locations for neuroendocrine carcinomas, and only a few related papers have been published in the literature to date. Here we present the case of a 64-year-old male with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the sphenoid sinus, along with the main MRI findings.

The study shows a high morbidity related to the treatment, as only 1.2% of the patients showed no side effects. In the sample, the pegylated interferon alpha-2b was responsible for higher prevalence of fever and weight loss when compared to alpha-2a, and this was a statistically significant relation (p < 0.05).

We report a case of prune perineum syndrome, an extremely rare entity with only four cases reported to date, describing some typical clinical and radiologic features. We also present a newly associated imaging finding, the terminal ventricle’s cystic dilatation, and briefly discuss the differential diagnosis.

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RESUMOGestantes podem precisar ser submetidas a exames radiológicos para um diagnóstico preciso e conduta correta. Os métodos mais difundidos são aqueles com pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre o feto, como a ultrassonografia e, mais recentemente, a ressonância magnética. Os exames radiológicos são geralmente relegados a um segundo plano e, eventualmente, descartados ou adiados em razão da apreensão gerada pelos potenciais riscos à saúde do feto. No entanto, um diagnóstico postergado ou perdido por causa da não utilização desses exames pode ser mais nocivo à saúde materna e do próprio feto do que os possíveis riscos associados ao uso da radiação ionizante. Conhecer os princípios e efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes, bem como os limiares de doses associadas a efeitos deletérios sobre o embrião e o feto, permite medir os riscos e justificar a utilização de determinados métodos radiológicos em benefício da gestante. Com base numa revisão de literatura, tivemos o propósito de orientar médicos, especialistas ou não, para fornecer melhores informações e esclarecimentos a suas pacientes quanto aos riscos e benefícios do uso de métodos de diagnóstico por imagem durante a gestação.Palavras-chave: gestantes; diagnóstico por imagem; ultrassonografia; imagem por ressonância magnética; radiação ionizante. ABSTRACTPregnants may need to undergo radiological examinations for a right diagnosis and an accurate conduct. The most spread methods are those that have less or none effect on the fetus, such as ultrasound and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging. The radiological examinations are usually relegated to a second plan and, occasionally, discarded or postponed because of the apprehension caused by the potential risks to the fetal health. However, a postponed or missed diagnosis, for not using these tests, can be more harmful to the pregnant's health and the fetus itself than the possible risks associated with ionizing radiation. Knowing the principles and biological effects of ionizing radiation, as well as the threshold levels associated with deleterious effects on embryo and fetus, allows measuring the risks and justify the use of certain radiological methods for the benefit of the pregnant. Based on the literature review, we purposed to advise doctors, specialists or not, to provide better information and explanations to their patients about risks and benefits of using methods of diagnostic imaging during pregnancy.