Studies conducted prior to 17 June 2013 were reviewed. We included 10 studies in the analysis, involving a total of 1106 children. When isotonic fluids were used, the sodium level in the body was less likely to be low. One hundred and sixty-nine children per 1000 had low sodium levels in the blood when an isotonic fluid was given, compared with 338 children per 1000 when a hypotonic fluid was used. The results for serious adverse events associated with isotonic or hypotonic fluids were uncertain. This review mainly looked at patients who either had surgery and/or were in intensive care, with most only needing intravenous fluid for less than a day. Quality of the evidence The studies included were generally well conducted and were of a high quality. Isotonic versus hypotonic solutions for maintenance intravenous fluid administration in children (Review)

Significant numbers of secondary school students report inadequate sleep. Given the importance of adequate sleep on healthy adolescent development, parents and health professionals should be wary of the amount of extracurricular activities that young people engage in, especially part-time employment and the potential negative impact it may have on the adequacy of their sleep.

This is the largest single-center series for pediatric patients who require intensive care posthematopoietic stem cell transplant and demonstrates that this group of patients still faces high mortality. There has been an improvement in survival for those patients who require renal replacement therapy and also for patients who require mechanical ventilation more than once; however, the need for mechanical ventilation still remains a significant predictor of mortality.