Azobenzene-containing materials exhibit various photomechanical properties, including the formation of surface relief gratings (SRG) when irradiated with two interfering laser beams. In a recent study, a novel glass-forming derivative of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) with a mexylaminotriazine group was synthesized in high yield with a simple and efficient procedure, and showed the ability to form high-quality amorphous thin films with a high resistance to crystallization. Irradiation of films of this material yielded SRG with growth rates comparable to other reported azo materials. Herein, a series of closely related molecular glasses containing azobenzene chromophores with various absorption maxima ranging from 410 to 570 nm were synthesized, and their physical and photomechanical properties were studied. All materials studied showed the ability to form stable glassy phases, and irradiation with lasers emitting at various wavelengths allowed to perform a comparative study of SRG growth within a series of analogous chromophores. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthetic procedures and spectral data for compounds 4b-4e, additional data on SRG growth for compounds 1 and 4a-4e, NMR spectra for compounds 4a-e. See

Urinary calculi are stones (urolithiasis) that can form anywhere in urinary tract outside of the kidneys and mostly composed of calcium oxalate and phosphate, additionally with elevated throughout the last two decades in the world. Chemical composition plays a major part in nephrolithiasis. Therefore, the high concentrations of lithogenic substances in urine enhance the crystallization method in urine tract system. The most kidney stones form from calcium oxalate, the present study was inspected the effect of the crude aqueous extract as well as the fractionated methanol extract (ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone and methanol residue) of paronychia argentea on the crystallization of calcium oxalate salts. The effect of aqueous extract and fractionated methanol extract on the size, number, type of calcium oxalate crystals. Paronychia argentea both the crude aqueous and the fractionated extract, especially ethyl acetate fraction have antiurolithic activity via reducing crystal size as well as activate the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals out from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) with increasing concentration of extract. The shifting of crystallization process to producing calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) rather than oxalate monohydrate (COM) and the reducing the crystal size and calcium ion concentration, in addition to the diuretic action of extract plays an important role in controlling urolithiasis.

Objective: The objective of the two pharmacokinetic studies reported here was to compare the relative bio availability and bio equivalence of an ibuprofen 400 mg tablet from National Company (SDI) as a test with a reference formulation. Study Design: Evaluation of two open, randomized, cross-over studies, one single dose in healthy male volunteers. Methods: 20 healthy volunteers were randomized in a cross-over design to single dose of Profedin 400 mg produced from National Company, ibuprofen formulation, as a test and a reference formulation produced from Pharmacia & Upjohn, Ibuprofen 400 mg. Ibuprofen and standard of ibuprofen were analyzed by utilizing HPLC, the sample extracted from 0.5ml of plasma with an organic solution of isooctane and 2-propanol. The mobile phase consisted of 44% acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. The analytical column was a C-18, 5um packing size. Detection of Ibuprofen and the internal standard occurred by UV absorbance at wavelength of 220 nm. Results: A single-dose study demonstrated that the bio availability of ibuprofen for both formulations was not significantly different. In addition, mean plasma levels of ibuprofen predictive of clinical efficacy were achieved within 1.5- 2.0 hours and the elimination of ibuprofen tablets is virtually complete in 12 hours after the single dose. The serum half-life is 1.8 to 2.0 hours. The Cmax, Tmax, Kelemin.0.5 were calculated for the test and reference. They were not significantly different. Conclusions: Blood levels predicted that the present slow-release formulation of ibuprofen should offer reliable day and night control of pain and fever and is associated with a favorable safety profile.

Background: The study was completed to determine the level of the following metals (Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), and Cadmium (Cd)) in different cataractous human lenses. Materials and Methods: Five Samples had collected from the normal individuals healthy people and 25 suffered from cataracts at the Italian Hospital, Al-Karak, Jordan. This study had conducted between November 2020 and October 2021 on 30 individual subjects. Samples fluid from the Cataract sufferers had been gathered, the data was analyzed using Microsoft excels and SPSS software program new version. The trace elements concentration withinside the aspirated fluid were measured with the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry – Mass (ICP-MS), best controlled with certified standards. Results: The mean values of copper were (12.9±12.4) and (7.4±9.7) for patients and control groups respectively. The average mean values of Cd were found to be (5.9 ±2.4) and (4.6 ± 2.4). The cadium, copper, manganese, magnesium and potassium levels were significantly higher in the catarctous groups. The others elements were lower in the catarctous group than control. Conclusion: Results showed significant change in some metallic elements concentration with cataract. These consequences can be beneficial for understanding and identifying the reasons that can play a function withinside the initiation and improvement of cataract. These factors deficiency may also have some suggestions to diets and diseases via its appropriate concentrations and its consequences on various organs parameters. It appears that the estimation of serum or plasma concentration of these metals may also assist in research and remedy of other diseases in both genders.