Farnesol (trans, trans-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol) is an essential oil component that can be found in a variety of plants. In this study, in vitro effects of farnesol on human lung cancer A549 cell line, colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line and healthy human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cell lines, WST-1 cytotoxicity test, dual staining of cell survival (DAPI-PI) analysis, micronucleus test, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Farnesol acted in a concentration-dependent manner at the dose ranges studied for cancer cell lines, and while at certain doses it reduced proliferation, interestingly at higher concentrations it induced growth more than the control. In the healthy BEAS-2B cell line, it was tested over a wide range of doses and at all studied concentrations, it did not suppress cellular growth, but rather increased. This seems promising in that farnesol harms cancer cell lines but does not cause significant damage to healthy cells. Obtained TEM data after treatment with farnesol at IC50 dose showed both autophagic and apoptotic findings in cancer cell lines compared to control, and normal findings exhibited in BEAS-2B cell line, cell survival, and micronucleus analyzes showed the presence of apoptotic findings and chromosomal damage as a result of farnesol application in cancer cell lines. Research Highlights• Farnesol has dose-dependent effects on human lung cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, with no significant damaging effects on healthy human lung epithelial cell lines.• TEM, cell survival, and micronucleus findings support the findings of autophagic, apoptotic, and chromosomal damage on cancer cell lines.

No abstract

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a common clinical entity and characterized by allodynia or spontaneous neuropathic pain. Treatment of neuropathic pain is difficult, because a lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and limited effectiveness of the existing drugs. Surgical decompression enables a more radical treatment by releasing the compressed nerve. Beside the pain behaviour morphological changes occur in CCI. Ultrastructural morphological changes at the injury site of the sciatic nerve and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are believed to play role in the pathogenesis of CCI and in the development of neuropathic pain behaviour in individuals. However, the effects of surgical decompression on the ultrastructure of constricted nerve site as well as in the dorsal root ganglia have not been studied in details. We investigated the effect of nerve decompression on ultrastructure of rat sciatic nerve and DRG by light and transmission electron microscopic methods. For this aim, CCI was established on the rat sciatic nerve with four loose ligatures. Surgical decompression was held at 1 st , 3 rd and 5 th the weeks after CCI by removing the ligatures. Our results suggest that the efficacy of decompression was superior when applied one week after compression. The results of the study verify the need for early surgical decompression to prevent irreversible damage of the peripheral nerve and DRG. Keywords: Decompression, Sciatic nerve, Chronic constriction injury, TEM Periferik Sinirde Kronik Konstrüksiyon Hasarı Tedavisi Üzerine Dekompresyonun Etkisi ÖzetKronik konstrüksiyon hasarı (CCI), yaygın klinik bir oluşumdur ve allodini ya da spontan nöropatik ağrı ile karakterize edilir. Nöropatik ağrının tedavisi, altta yatan mekanizmaların yeterince bilinmemesi ve mevcut ilaçların sınırlı etkisinden dolayı oldukça zordur. Cerrahi dekompresyon uygulaması, sıkışmış sinirin serbestleştirilmesi suretiyle oldukça radikal bir tedavi imkanı sağlar. CCI'da ağrının yanısıra morfolojik değişimler de olur. Siyatik sinirin yaralı bölgesi ve dorsal kök gangliyonundaki (DRG) ultrayapısal morfolojik değişimlerin, CCI patojenezinde ve bireylerdeki nöropatik ağrı davranışı gelişiminde rol oynadığına inanılır. Ancak, sıkışmış sinir bölgesinde ve dorsal kök gangliyonlarındaki ultrayapı üzerine cerrahi dekompresyonun etkileri henüz detaylı olarak çalışılmamıştır. Çalışmamızda rat siyatik siniri ve DRG'nun ultrayapısı üzerine sinir dekompresyonunun etkisini ışık ve geçirimli elektron mikroskobik metodlarla inceledik. Bu amaçla CCI rat siyatik siniri üzerine yapılan dört gevşek bağ ile oluşturulmuştur. Cerrahi dekompresyon, CCI sonrası 1. 3. ve 5. haftalarda bağların uzaklaştırılmasıyla sağlanmıştır. Verilerimiz dekompresyon etkisinin sinir sıkıştırılmasından bir hafta sonra uygulandığında çok daha iyi sonuç verdiğini desteklemektedir. Erken cerrahi dekompresyonun, periferik sinir ve dorsal kök ganglionunun geri dönüşümsüz hasarını önlemeye etkileri üzerine ilave çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can support various tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and synovial fluids, from which they can be readily isolated. The objective of this study is to harness the advantages of microfluidic systems for controlling and enhancing the maintenance and viability, and regenerative properties of MSCs by providing a 3D culture microenvironment with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel and exposing the cells to a slow fluid flow and low shear stress conditions. GelMA has methacryloyl groups and can be crosslinked by a photocuring process using biocompatible photoinitiators. The most common used photoinitiator for cellular encapsulation within hydrogels is the ultraviolet (UV) initiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959 or I2959), but due to its low water solubility and the necessity of using a shorter wavelength light (365 nm), it can lead to cellular phototoxic and genotoxic effects. To overcome these limitations, lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) have recently been used with GelMA as an alternative photoinitiator. Because LAP is highly water soluble and has a 10 times faster polymerization rate, and it requires a visible light (λ = 405 nm) which makes it much safer for the cells, we use 10% GelMA together with 0.05% LAP photoinitiator for bioprinting human adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) onto a membrane that has a 40 µm mesh size. To demonstrate a microfluidic culture advancement for improving the biological activities and regenerative capacity of the cells including cell adhesion, growth, viability and proliferation capacity as ultimate goals of this study, the membrane carrying the bioprinted construct was placed in a PDMS microchannel and exposed to the fluid to obtain dynamic microenvironments found in the human body. As a result, the cells were successfully maintained in the microfluidic 3D cell culture for two days, with a high cell viability of 99%.

The currently used approaches in the treatment of wounds and burns have been studied for many years to eliminate problems related with mechanical strength, elasticity, biocompatibility and cost. Nowadays, fabrication of composite fibers by a fiber as core and hydrogels as shell, which can be seeded by cells is rapidly increasing. In this study, it is aimed to produce a natural polymer-based dressing that can provide controlled antibiotic release to accelerate wound healing with low cost and high efficiency. The composites have been achieved by using surgical suture as a core and alginate in the shell part, which modified with starch and gelatin. Evaluating low-cost hydrogel material such as alginate, starch and gelatin in the shell layer of composite fibers by different concentrations were investigated in addition to study their swelling and drug release behaviors. The parameters for the model of an antibiotic release that can prevent common infections can be manipulated by using a biotextile-based approach to quantify the amount of antibiotics and its release to satisfy clinical requirements. Toluidine blue and Penicillin/Streptomycin were chosen as antibiotic models for drug release experiments. Moreover, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) were applied to evaluate cell viability experiments. Results demonstrated that alginate modified starch and gelatin can be used as low-cost and promisingmaterials for use in biomedical applications.