Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a digitalization model (DM) for building construction courses in architectural education as a response to the recent emerging technologies in the era of digital transformations. This DM is developed and applied through augmented reality (AR) technologies to boost perception, understandings and ability to solve building construction details. Design/methodology/approach Based on a thorough review of recent technologies like AR, virtual reality (VR), building information modelling (BIM) and their applications in architectural education, the methodology involves the generation of a model, its application and evaluation. The model is based on the integration of BIM and AR which is applied into a third year “Building Construction Project” course. Each student has designed a residential building and accordingly prepared the construction drawings by adapting the DM. An online survey –based on Technology Acceptance Model – is conducted to evaluate the DM by quantitative data analysis from SPSS and Excel. Findings The key findings of the study include the following items: determination of the proper digital tools, the definition of the steps and workflow based on the building project phases to develop construction drawings and define precise details effectively. By the help of this, the DM is generated and applied. According to the survey and results, the DM which involves BIM-based AR is considered as beneficial, highly motivating and providing better perception on construction details. Originality/value Implication of AR/VR technologies is frequently seen in design studios, whereas building construction courses state its traditional approach. However, there is a huge potential in the digitalization of building construction education by increasing the perception of students together with the increased level of communication. The study aims to close the gap of digitalization by proposing a DM, which brings a systematic approach considering each phase of building construction project as conceptual, schematic, design development and construction documents by using BIM integrated AR. Moreover, the novel model specifically brings a new approach by generation of QR codes for construction details to embed videos or simulations into the two-dimensional drawing sheets. Furthermore, the DM proposes a new approach to satisfy emerging needs and requirements of the Architecture Engineering Construction industry.

PurposeThe construction industry is affected by the technologies of Industry 4.0 as the buildings are transforming into complex productions. Integration of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in construction management is an emerging area to increase efficiency and effectiveness. With an aim of determining the current situation, this study evaluates the literature on VR and AR within construction management research.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this research is based on descriptive and bibliometric analyses to understand and state the current relations between VR-AR technologies and construction management research. According to the meta-analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA]) protocol of reviewing, 143 papers between 2010 and 2021 from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Science Direct have been retrieved, and then analysis has been applied on these papers. Descriptive analysis contains increment of publications throughout the years, rates of papers according to countries and content of the publications. The bibliometric analysis involves the analysis through Excel and VOSviewer: co-occurrence of keywords, country-based, source and citation.FindingsThe results of this study emphasize the increasing interest in the adoption of VR-AR technologies in construction management research. As the number of publications has been continuously increased, this trend indicates the strength and growing interest in the topic. Another significant finding is VR-AR implementation studies are mostly based on building information modelling (BIM). In this study, the results of analyses have been discussed in terms of learning, knowledge areas and digital technologies as part of construction management.Originality/valueThis study contributes to providing a significant theoretical reference for the potentials of VR-AR in construction management research. VR-AR technologies mostly attract the interest of researchers from architectural design studies; however, there is a gap to investigate their potentials in terms of construction management. Additionally, this study focuses on the last 11 years, which indicate the latest trends.

Information technologies including VR/AR; by providing an immersive environment, contain wide range of innovative opportunities in architecture education, particularly for the Covid-19 pandemic that forced online education. Recent literature reviews show the increase on the adaptation of VR/AR technologies in architecture education, since it improves learners’ outcomes and tutors-learners’ interactions. However, implication of these technologies is frequently seen in design studios, whereas building construction education continues mostly its traditional approach. The study aims to close the gap in this area by proposing a model to integrate VR/AR technologies in building construction education by the assistance of BIM tools in order to boost the effectiveness. This model is developed for the building construction project course, shows step by step integration of related tools and technics to obtain the learning outcomes efficiently during online education in Covid-19 Pandemic. Considering the pandemic conditions, the proposed model involves creative usage of VR/AR tools in terms of distance learning.

Mimarlık-inşaat sektörü, Endüstri 4.0 ve güncel teknolojilerin etkisiyle özellikle son on yıldır büyük bir dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Bu gelişmelerin devamında İnşaat 4.0 kavramı oluşmuş olup, sektörü yönlendirici bir konumdadır. Güncel araştırmalar, mimarlık-inşaat sektöründe dijital teknolojilerinin giderek daha etkin bir rolü olacağını göstermektedir. Sektörün profesyonellerden beklentisi de bu dijital dönüşüme uygun yetkinlik, bilgi ve becerilere sahip olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, mimarlık eğitimi de güncel dijitalleşme gereklerine cevap vermesi beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, yapı derslerinde sanal gerçeklik, arttırılmış gerçeklik ve yapı bilgi modelleme uygulamaları kullanılarak dijital dönüşüm modeli hazırlanmıştır. Bu model, sadece bir yazılımın kullanılması ve bir dersin planlanmasından ziyade yapı müfredatının bütüncül bir şekilde dijital dönüşüm sürecinde yeniden ele alınmasını ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Yapı Teknolojileri, Yapı Uygulama Projesi ve Yapım Yönetimi ve Ekonomisi derslerinin müfredatına uygulanabilen Yapı Bilgi Modelleme (YBM) tabanlı Sanal Gerçeklik (SG) – Arttırılmış Gerçeklik (AG) teknolojileri kullanan bir dijital model oluşturulmuş ve 2020-2021 ve 2021-2022 akademik yıllarında uygulanmıştır. Birbirini takip eden yapı grubu derslerinin bütüncül bir dijitalleşme yaklaşımı yapı tasarımı ve uygulama kararları ile maliyet-süre bağının kurulması hedeflenmiştir. Öğrencilerin etkileşim ve deneyim seviyesini arttırmak üzere YBM’nin SG-AG ile entegrasyonuna dayalı bir öğrenme ortamı modeline odaklanılmıştır. Bu model, yapı derslerindeki yapı elemanı tasarlama ve detay kavramadaki zorlukların aşılmasını amaçlayarak, öğrencilere daha etkin öğrenme ortamı sağlamıştır.

In architecture education, the conventional method for construction management subjects is a theoretical approach in general, which is limited to satisfying the emerging needs of Construction 4.0 in the AEC industry. This study aims to develop and integrate a 4D & 5D modelling framework to construction management courses for architecture students to be able to fulfil the AEC industry’s qualification demands, as a part of Construction 4.0. The methodology of this research consists of the establishment of a framework structured upon theoretical background on construction management current industry requirements and its implementation into “construction management and economics” course in architecture education. Additionally, a survey was conducted among the students to evaluate the efficiency of the framework. One of the key findings of the study is the development of a framework to integrate 4D-5D modelling into a construction management course in architecture. It was developed in intersection clusters between BIM, AR, and VR to perform 4D visualization of construction, monitor the whole process, and detect clashes. According to the survey and results, the 4D-5D BIM-based framework is considered beneficial and enhances perception and understanding of cost and time management. This study involves a new digitalization framework that is adaptable to construction management courses employing a systematic approach. Additionally, this framework has the potential to be employed by industry professionals.