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Aim: To determine the frequency and associated factors of contraceptives usage amongst married women in District Okara, Punjab. Methodology: To highlight the factors that have a positive impact in increasing the knowledge and all the barriers that hinder the usage of contraceptive a regional survey was conducted in which 350 married women 175 from rural and 175 from urban areas of Okara were selected through convenient sampling. Logistic regression was used in determination of the link between different explanatory variables with outcome variables that was the usage of contraceptives. Results: 37.42% women used contraceptives in both rural and urban areas of Okara. Different economic activity shaped by various social factors was pinpointed. Information, education and facts about modern birth control methods, women’s bodily autonomy and the need to have another newborn in future were a few of highlighted associated factors. Conclusions: This study depicts that women empowerment was consistently and positively linked with intention to use contraception. Moreover, updated and modern information related contraceptive services and personal motivation to have a child were the censorious factors in usage of present time contraceptive services. Hence these aroused problems need serious attention in formulating policies regarding maternal health in Pakistan. Keywords: Maternal health, contraceptive services, lady health care workers

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the occurrence of bacteria in the urine sample without any clinical symptoms. The odds of asymptomatic bacteriuria increase due to the hormonal growth during pregnancy. Methodology: The data was collected from a sample of size 167 pregnant women using self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on two sections. The questionnaire was tested using Cronbach alpha. The data was collected using convenient sampling. The frequency distribution of the risk factors was given. The binary logistic regression analysis was performed to access the major risk factors that enhance the odds for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Results: The past history of UTI was seen as a significant risk factor. The overall incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 22 pregnant women and among these, approximately 9% had past history of UTI. About 44.9% of the pregnant women showed a past history of UTI. Conclusion: Most of the pregnant women fall in the age group 26-32 years. The significant factor is age group for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Advancement in age enhance the odds for the asymptomatic bacteriuria. History of UTI is found as a significant risk factor. Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, pregnancy, infections,

Greenhouse gases emissions due to climate change are a continuous threat to the global world, mainly relying on the pervasive consumption of numerous products, including synthetic and non-synthetic products. This research focused on the green purchase intentions of students in Pakistan towards different products, which are related to minimising the greenhouse effect and are available for sale on numerous e-commerce websites, ultimately proceeding to green entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study was to determine which methodology was better among product listing, social media advertising, and online virtual community to enhance customer online green purchase intention while considering online information about the greenhouse effect as a mediating variable. The AMOS 24 was used for this research. SEM was performed with the help of bootstrap methodology. The research was conducted on 280 students at different educational institutes in Pakistan, using a simple random sampling technique. A finding of this study suggested that all three methods positively impacted the green purchase intention of consumers and green entrepreneurship, but online virtual communities could be considered in a more effective way to enhance the green purchase intention of its targeted customers.