Mortality among Finnish psychiatric acute hospital patients is considerably higher than in general population. Excessive alcohol consumption plays a major role in causing excess deaths that could be potentially avoided.

We present a lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) utilizing a straightforward fabrication process involving a single electron beam lithography step followed by double-angle evaporation of aluminum and in-situ oxidation. The Josephson junctions forming the SQUID are fabricated using bridgeless shadow evaporation technique, which enables reliable fabrication of relatively large (∼ 9 µm 2 ) junctions.Our strongly coupled flux-pumped JPA achieves 20 dB gain with 95 MHz bandwidth around 5 GHz, while the center frequency is tunable by more than 1 GHz, with the additional possibility for rapid tuning by varying the pump frequency alone. Analytical calculations based on the input-output theory reproduce our measurement results closely. 1 arXiv:1812.07621v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

We have employed noise thermometry for investigations of thermal relaxation between the electrons and the substrate in nanowires patterned from 40-nm-thick titanium film on top of silicon wafers covered by a native oxide. By controlling the electronic temperature T e by Joule heating at the base temperature of a dilution refrigerator, we probe the electron-phonon coupling and the thermal boundary resistance at temperatures T e = 0.5 − 3 Kelvin. Using a regular T 5 -dependent electron-phonon coupling of clean metals and a T 4 -dependent interfacial heat flow, we deduce a small contribution for the direct energy transfer from the titanium electrons to the substrate phonons due to inelastic electron-boundary scattering.

We have investigated the cross-over from Zener tunneling of single charge carriers to avalanche type of bunched electron transport in a suspended graphene Corbino disk in the zeroth Landau level. At low bias, we find a tunneling current that follows the gyrotropic Zener tunneling behavior. At larger bias, we find avalanche type of transport that sets in at a smaller current the larger the magnetic field is. The low-frequency noise indicates strong bunching of the electrons in the avalanches. On the basis of the measured low-frequency switching noise power, we deduce the characteristic switching rates of the avalanche sequence. The simultaneous microwave shot noise measurement also reveals intrinsic correlations within the avalanche pulses and indicate decrease of correlations with increasing bias.

We have investigated current-current correlations in a cross-shaped conductor made of graphene. The mean free path of charge carriers is on the order of the ribbon width which leads to a hybrid conductor where there is diffusive transport in the device arms while the central connection region displays near ballistic transport. Our data on auto and cross correlations deviate from the predictions of Landauer-Büttiker theory, and agreement can be obtained only by taking into account contributions from non-thermal electron distributions at the inlets to the semiballistic center, in which the partition noise becomes strongly modified. The experimental results display distinct Hanbury – Brown and Twiss (HBT) exchange correlations, the strength of which is boosted by the non-equilibrium occupation-number fluctuations internal to this hybrid conductor. Our work demonstrates that variation in electron coherence along atomically-thin, two-dimensional conductors has significant implications on their noise and cross correlation properties.