Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can lead towards death if left untreated. TB detection involves extraction of complex TB manifestation features such as lung cavity, air space consolidation, endobronchial spread, and pleural effusions from chest x-rays (CXRs). Deep learning based approach named convolutional neural network (CNN) has the ability to learn complex features from CXR images. The main problem is that CNN does not consider uncertainty to classify CXRs using softmax layer. It lacks in presenting the true probability of CXRs by differentiating confusing cases during TB detection. This paper presents the solution for TB identification by using Bayesian-based convolutional neural network (B-CNN). It deals with the uncertain cases that have low discernibility among the TB and non-TB manifested CXRs. The proposed TB identification methodology based on B-CNN is evaluated on two TB benchmark datasets, i.e., Montgomery and Shenzhen. For training and testing of proposed scheme we have utilized Google Colab platform which provides NVidia Tesla K80 with 12 GB of VRAM, single core of 2.3 GHz Xeon Processor, 12 GB RAM and 320 GB of disk. B-CNN achieves 96.42% and 86.46% accuracy on both dataset, respectively as compared to the state-of-the-art machine learning and CNN approaches. Moreover, B-CNN validates its results by filtering the CXRs as confusion cases where the variance of B-CNN predicted outputs is more than a certain threshold. Results prove the supremacy of B-CNN for the identification of TB and non-TB sample CXRs as compared to counterparts in terms of accuracy, variance in the predicted probabilities and model uncertainty. INDEX TERMS Tuberculosis identification, computer-aided diagnostics, medical image analysis, Bayesian convolutional neural networks, model uncertainty.

Abstract-In automated energy management systems, to make instantaneous decisions based on the appliance status information, continuous data access is a key requirement. With the advances in sensor and communication technologies, it is now possible to remotely monitor the power consumption data. However, before an appliance is actively monitored, it must be identified using the obtained power consumption data. Appropriate methods are required to analyse power consumption patterns for proper appliance recognition. The focus of this work is to provide the model structure for storing and distinguishing the recurring footprints of the household appliances. Hidden Markov model based method is proposed to recognize the individual appliances from combined load. It is found that the proposed method can efficiently differentiate the power consumption patterns of appliances from their combined profiles.

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Abstract-Efficient feature selection is an important phase of designing an effective text categorization system. Various feature selection methods have been proposed for selecting dissimilar feature sets. It is often essential to evaluate that which method is more effective for a given task and what size of feature set is an effective model selection choice. Aim of this paper is to answer these questions for designing Urdu text categorization system. Five widely used feature selection methods were examined using six well-known classification algorithms: naive Bays (NB), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machines (SVM) with linear, polynomial and radial basis kernels and decision tree (i.e. J48). The study was conducted over two test collections: EMILLE collection and a naive collection. We have observed that three feature selection methods i.e. information gain, Chi statistics, and symmetrical uncertain, have performed uniformly in most of the cases if not all. Moreover, we have found that no single feature selection method is best for all classifiers. While gain ratio out-performed others for naive Bays and J48, information gain has shown top performance for KNN and SVM with polynomial and radial basis kernels. Overall, linear SVM with any of feature selection methods including information gain, Chi statistics or symmetric uncertain methods is turned-out to be first choice across other combinations of classifiers and feature selection methods on moderate size naive collection. On the other hand, naive Bays with any of feature selection method have shown its advantage for a small sized EMILLE corpus.