Background and Objectives. Thoracic lesions account for various benign and malignant conditions. Of these lung carcinoma (mainly primary) is the most common carcinoma in the world. The present study was undertaken to know the pathological spectrum of thoracic lesions and to correlate cytoradiological findings. Materials and Methods. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care center of North India on 74 patients over an 18-month period. CT guided transthoracic FNAC (TTFNA) was carried out, and aspirates were drawn, examined, and compared with radiological diagnoses. Results. The diagnostic accuracy for FNA in the present study was calculated to be 95.94% (using cytology as the gold standard). The predominant lesion was malignancy (85.1%), followed by suspicions of malignancy and inflammatory pathology (5.40% each). By cytology, the most common malignant lesion was adenocarcinoma (48%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (40%), small cell carcinoma (8%), and undifferentiated carcinoma (4%). Cytoradiological correlation was found to be 89.2% in the present study. Conclusion. Present study thus concludes that TT FNA of thoracic lesions is a simple, safe, economically prudent technique associated with low morbidity and leading to quick and early diagnosis.

Background: Thrombocytopenia (platelet counts less than 150,000/μl) is commonly encountered in various hematological disorders including myelodysplastic syndromes as well as various non-myelodysplastic hematological conditions. Aim:The present study was undertaken to calculate the prevalence of various conditions associated with thrombocytopenia and to record the megakaryocytic alterations in various cases of thrombocytopenia. Apart from this by means of statistical analysis it was tried to analyze whether a significant difference existed in megakaryocytic alteration noted in myelodysplastic versus non-myelodysplastic conditions. Materials and Methods:A prospective series of 60 bone marrow aspirations along with concomitant bone marrow biopsies was conducted in a tertiary care centre catering to both urban as well as rural population in north India. Statistical Analysis:The distribution of morphological changes in cases of non myelodysplastic conditions and myelodysplastic were compared using Chi-Square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results:The commonest cause of thrombocytopenia for which bone marrow examination was sought was dimorphic anaemia (18 cases, 30%), followed by myelodysplastic syndrome (06 cases, 10%) which was followed equally by acute lymphocytic leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Of all the non-MDS conditions apart from dimorphic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and chronic myeloid leukemia (blast crisis); megakaryocytic dysplastic forms were not noted in any other condition. In cases of myelodysplasia; dysplastic forms, bare megakaryocytic nuclei, hypogranular forms and micromegakaryocytes were seen. Comparison between frequencies of normal, high and low number of nuclear lobes among MDS (n=9) and non MDS (n=68) conditions were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion:Further studies on the evaluation of megakaryocytic alteration and their contribution to thrombocytopenia can provide growing knowledge to the pathogenesis of numerous hematopoietic disorders that may identify broader clinical applications of the newer strategies to regulate platelet count and functioning.

An inflammatory liposarcoma is a rare variant of a well-differentiated liposarcoma. A case of a giant variety of an inflammatory well-differentiated liposarcoma is being reported. CT scan revealed a large abdomino-pelvic mass which had displaced the gut loops to left and posteriorly and urinary bladder and uterus to right. FNAC yielded mature adipocytes with no evidence of atypical cells. The large bossilated and irregular fibro-fatty mass which weighed 23 kg was excised. Microscopy revealed mature adipocytes with foci of fibrosis and abundant inflammatory cell infiltrates of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and few neutrophils, along with few atypical cells. Only a few cases of a giant inflammatory variant of a well-differentiated liposarcoma have been reported in the world literature and this is first of its kind from the Indian sub-continent. A rare giant variant of a inflammatory well-differentiated liposarcoma with abundant eosinophils is being reported here, along with review of literature.

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It is estimated that 120 million people worldwide are affected by filariasis. In the South East and South Asian region, Wuchereria bancrofti is the most prevalent parasite causing filariais in 99.4 % of cases. In the present case the parasite was a cause of unexplained ascitis in a young female whose previous cytological report was suspicious in nature. Extensive physical and radiological assesment was not able to determine the cause of ascitis. Repeat cytological examinantion revealed a few microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. The patient was diagnosed as a case of low density microfilaremia and was put on anti-filarial therapy subsequent to which ascitis of the patient regressed. In this case, the clinical picture did not give a clue regarding the aetiology of the ascites. There was no evidence suggestive of filariasis, such as lymphoedema or hydrocele except mild eosinophilia. Circumstantialtial evidence regarding the aetiology of the effusion in our patient included her recovery following antifilarial therapy. The cytological diagnosis of Mf in this patient avoided further expensive investigations and the patient responded to antifilarial therapy.