Enterococci are one of the usual residents of the microflora in humans. In the last decade this genus has been reported as the third most common cause of bacteremia. We present the case of a 78-year-old female who was admitted to the emergency room because of nausea, lipothymia, and weakness. She was diagnosed with a pyelonephritis with bacteremia, with the isolation in blood and urine cultures of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae. This last microorganism is a rarely isolated pathogen in humans. Currently it is estimated to represent 1–3% of all enterococcal species isolated in clinical practice.

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) is the arbovirus with the widest impact on human health. In Africa in general, and in Angola in particular, the epidemiology and public health impact of DENV is far from clear. However, rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, increased international travel, and the presence of virus major vector (Aedes aegypti) in the country suggest that DENV transmission may occur. Methodology: In parallel to the occurrence of a dengue outbreak affecting the capital of Angola, between March and July 2013 four Portuguese institutions diagnosed dengue infection in 146 individuals returning to Portugal. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and molecular analyses of partial viral genomic segments were performed. Results: The mean age of the individuals included in this study was 42 years old, the majority being men of Portuguese nationality, reporting various lengths of stay in Angola. Fever was the most reported clinical sign, being frequently associated (61.0%) with myalgia and headache. Hematological values, including hematocrit, white-blood cell and platelets counts, correlated with the absence of severe or complicated cases, or coagulation disorders. No deaths were observed. Viral NS1 was detected in 56.2% of the samples, and all NS1 negative cases had antidengue IgM antibodies. RT-PCR indicated the presence of DENV1, which was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of 25 partial NS5 viral sequences. Conclusion: The DENV cases analyzed conformed to classical and uncomplicated dengue, caused by the suggested exclusive circulation of a genetically homogeneous DENV1 of genotype III, apparently with a single origin.

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RESUMO - High Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Patients with HIV-Infection ABSTRACT -Introduction: Sexual transmitted infections (STI) are an important health problem and increase the risk for acquisition and transmission of HIV. We aimed to identify STIs diagnosed in patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in newly diagnosed ones. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical charts of individuals attending a specialized STI Clinic from 2009 to 2013. Results: A total of 680 patients were included, accounting for 8% of the patients observed during the study period. The majority (638, 92%) were male and men who have sex with men (MSM) (489, 72%). Almost half (304, 45%) were migrants. Overall, 270 (40%) patients were diagnosed with at least one STI, syphilis was the most common (123, 18%), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (46, 7%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (42, 6%) and genital warts (32, 5%

IntroductionHIV-2 infection is endemic in West Africa and some European countries, namely Portugal. HIV-2 antiretroviral (ARV) treatment presents some restrains related to intrinsic resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and fusion inhibitors, and poorer response to protease inhibitors (PI).Material and MethodsRetrospective observational study of a cohort of 135 infected HIV-2 patients, diagnosed between 1989 and 2008.ObjectivesEvaluation of epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic and virologic progression, comparing to groups of patients (naïve vs ARV experienced); characterization of therapeutic, immunologic and virologic response. SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe study included 135 patients: 41% (n=55) naïve and 59% (n=80) with ARV experience. The comparison between groups (naïve vs ARV) revealed: male prevalence 76% vs 50%; mean age 54.5 years vs 54.8 (p=0.90); main geographic origin Guiné Bissau (47% vs 44%) and Portugal (22% vs 33%); and transmission mainly acquired by heterosexual contact (87% vs 80%). Mean time since diagnosis was 14 vs 13 years (p=0.31); 2% vs 50% presented AIDS criteria at diagnosis (p<0.001) and 93% vs 38% registered TCD4>350 cell/mm3 at diagnosis (p<0.001). Immunological evolution showed no significant decline in naïve population (Δ=−67 cell/mm3 – p=0.18) and a significant recovery in ARV experienced (Δ=+207 cell/mm3 – p<0.001). Global mortality rate found was 18% (6% vs 13% – p=0.122). Eighty patients initiated ARV: 84% presented a time interval of ARV exposure between 0–5 years (42%) and 5–10 years (42%). Fifty percent experienced ≤2 ARV regimens and the remaining >2 regimes. Considering the first ARV therapy: 56% initiated PI, 30% NTRI and 5% integrase inhibitor (II)-based regimens. Currently, 54 patients maintain regular follow-up and ARV therapy: 60% NTRI+PI; 37% NRTI+PI+II and 3% NRTI+II. TDF/FTC is the backbone in 56%. Most frequent PIs are LPV/r (54%), DRV/r (19%) and ATV/r (12%). Mean time of exposure to NRTI=3 years, PI=7 years and II=2 years. Immunologic recovery was sustained for each of the ARV class considered (NRTI Δ=+144 cell/mm3; PI=Δ+92 cell/mm3; II=Δ=+116 cell/mm3).ConclusionsThis is a cohort accompanied for a long period and the majority of patients present extensive ARV experience. The ARV-experienced patients registered a favourable response to treatment, with sustained immune recovery (Δ=+207 cell/mm3) and virologic control in 74%. Immunologic behaviour evidenced a sustained gain for each of the ARV class considered.