ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pengaruh tahta tertinggi dan perlawanan kaum subaltern pada novel Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer dengan menggunakan teori postkolonialisme Gayatri Spivak. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini  mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif karena dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data novel Arok Dedes  yang berkisah tentang kudeta di Tanah Jawa. Data penelitian ini adalah kata, kalimat, paragraf, yang terdapat dalam novel Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer dengan menggunakan teori poskolonial Ggayatri Spivak. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi atau pustaka. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisia deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian adalah pengaruh tahta tertinggi dan perlawanan kaum subaltern pada novel Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer.Kata kunci: Subaltern, poskolonial, pengaruh tahta, perlawananABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe the influence of the highest throne and the resistance of the subalterns on the novel Arok Dedes by Pramoedya Ananta Toer by using the postcolonialism theory of Gayatri Spivak. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The approach in this study using a qualitative approach because in this study used Arok Dedes story novel as data sources  which is about a coup in Java. This research data is words, sentences, paragraphs, contained in Arok Dedes novel by Pramoedya Anan ta Toer by using postcolonial Ggayatri Spivak theory. Data collection techniques in this study used the method of documentation or literature . The data analysis technique of this study used descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study are the influence of the highest throne and the resistance of the subalterns on the novel Arok Dedes by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Keywords: Subaltern, postcolonial, influence of throne, resistance

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The aim of this study was to describe the covert insubordination in Arus balik Novel of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The theory used is a covert insubordination theory within perspective of social movements. This theory was the rational actions of individual leaders but not in the category of rational choice theory, there are not open, take place informally, not stated, and on a small scale. This study applied a descriptive qualitative approach. Data source Arus balik Novel of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The data of this research were word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, and discourse associated with the focus of the research.The technique of data analysis techniques was hermeneutics. Research procedures, namely: 1) heuristics, and 2) retroactive. The findings of this study suggests there are five figures shrouded in insubordination, namely: 1) covert insubordination Arya Teja Wilwatikta against Majapahit, 2) covert insubordination against Adipati  Cluring Rama Arya Teja Wilwatikta, 3) betrayal of Adipati Wilwatikta against the Adipati Unus who deliberately late five days of sending the troops to attack Portuguese in Malacca Strait result in Jepara's forces easily defeated by Portuguese, 4) betrayal of Sunan Rajeg (Isaac Indrajit) against the Adipati Wilwatikta patterned economic resentment and because it removed from Office as Harbour replaced Sayid Habibullah Almasawa, 5) betrayal of Sayid Harbour  Habibullah Almasawa which has a political agenda like to master and monopolize trade in Tuban port who conspired with Portuguese trading fleet in Tuban area, and 6) covert insubordination against Chief Minister Wiranggaleng Tuban and Adipati Arya Teja Wilwatikta.

This study aims to describe the crisis of the identity of a character that is built by the memory, identity and the narrative framework in Indonesian novels. This study uses a qualitative method with Vieda Skultans post-memory theory approach. The data source of this research is Ahmad Tohari's Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk. The data taken is in the form of units of language in the form of sentences or paragraphs that describe memory, identity and narrative framework. The analysis shows how the influence of memory on the construction of the identity of the characters and the narrative framework in the novel.

House and body are two postcolonial spaces that poets often write in their poems. This study aims to analyze the construction of house and body spaces in three modern Indonesian poems. There is a semiotic and symbolic relationship between the spaces and the social facts in postcolonial Indonesia. Upstone’s postcolonial space theory is applied in this research to reveal how the spaces represent the poets’ view of postcolonial Indonesia. The data sources are poetry written by Chairil Anwar, Rendra, and Goenawan Mohamad. This qualitative descriptive research analyzes the poems’ lines or stanzas containing house and body spaces. The data were collected through a literature study, namely, reading the selected poetry texts seriously and deeply. The results show that the house and body spaces in the poetry represent Indonesia in the postcolonial space that was suffered, depressed, and lonely due to migration, hybridity, and multiple identities.