Single-common-gate triple-dot single-electron devices with homogeneous junction capacitances and asymmetric gate capacitances can transfer a single electron to a negative-biased electrode, that is, single-electron pumping can be achieved by alternating only one gate voltage. The device can work as a pump if the gate capacitances have a large-small-small, large-large-small, or large-medium-small distribution with an appropriate large-small difference. The third distribution is preferable because it can take the maximum large-small difference and single-electron pumping is possible with the largest negative-biasing voltage.

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A novel evaluation method for variety of the dielectric materials with low or high losses is reported. The proposed evaluation method is based on the hybrid numerical method [1] combining the extended spectral domain approach with mode-matching method. This does not include any approximation unlike in the case of the perturbation scheme. The sample may be a columnar structure with the arbitrarily cross section and electrically large or small, and it is placed at arbitrarily position in the waveguide. The size of sample is chosen properly so as to achieve the adequate accuracy of the scattering parameters S 21 measurements with TE 01 mode. For example, the smaller sample should be prepared for the material with high permittivity and/or high loss and it should be placed near to the waveguide wall where the electric field is weaker than in the center for TE 01 mode.Index Terms -material evaluation, hybrid electromagnetic method, waveguide.