Many cities around the world have been largely constructed by their residents, who build not only their own houses, but also frequently their neighborhoods. In this article, I use the notion of peripheral urbanization to analyze this way of producing cities that is quite pervasive in the global south. I argue that peripheral urbanization refers to modes of the production of space that (a) operate with a specific temporality and agency, (b) engage transversally with official logics, (c) generate new modes of politics, and (d) create highly unequal and heterogeneous cities. I also argue that peripheral urbanization not only produces heterogeneity within the city as it unfolds over time, but also varies considerably from one city to another. I build my arguments by juxtaposing dissimilar cases from a few cities in the global south. To focus on peripheral urbanization means simultaneously to de-center urban theory and to offer a bold characterization of modes of the production of space that are different from those that generated the cities of the North Atlantic.

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A B S T R A C T sThis article addresses some of the main challenges to the democratic reform of police institutions in Brazil, particularly in São Paulo. It identifies and explores patterns of police abuse through an analysis of a famous kidnapping together with the field observations, interviews and available statistical evidence. It analyses the sources and logic of popular support for a 'violent police', which coexists with a negative evaluation of the police and a high victimization of working-class people. It argues that the roots of this paradox are found in a long history of state disrespect for civil rights, in particular poor people's rights, and in a deep disbelief in the fairness of the justice system and its ability to function without bias. K E Y W O R D S s police violence, kidnapping, crime, democratization, urban inquality, Brazil