The 8-week combined jump and ball throwing training can significantly improve muscular performance in young female volleyball players. These findings may be useful for all physical education teachers and volleyball coaches.

This paper analyses the research literature that approaches the contextual interference effect in applied settings. In contrast to the laboratory settings, in which high interference conditions depress acquisition and promote learning evaluated in retention and transfer tests, in applied settings most of the studies (60%) fail to observe positive effects after manipulation of the contextual interference. Some possible explanations for the fact are hypothesized regarding the characteristics of the task, with serial tasks doing best, shor t inter trial intervals rare in applied settings, interference produced by the use of different motor programmes and the possible interference of concurrent feedback in slow tasks in contrast to ballistic skills. It seems that there is a more evident contextual interference effect in an applied setting, when subject learns a serial task with high degree of complexity.

This study aims to identify the expectationsof the coacheson the instruction and behavior of athletes. The second objective is to correlate the expectations of the coaches with the instruction behavior of coaches and with the behavior of athletes in competition.Aiming to achieve these purpose four coaches of youth soccer teams that competed in the national championships in Portugal was studied.We applied observation systems SAIC and SOCAC to encode behaviors of coach's instruction and the behavior of athletes in competition, respectively. To collect data on expectations,the coaches responded to the Questionnaire about Expectations of Instruction and Behavior of Athletes in Competition. The results show that there is short relation between the coach's expectations and what actually happens in competition regarding the instruction behavior and the behavior of athletes.

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in older women. Physical exercise training programs promote beneficial effects for health and quality of life. However, exercise interruption periods may be detrimental for the hemodynamic and lipidic profiles of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia (exercise group: 67.5 ± 5.4 years, 1.53 ± 3.42 m, 71.84 ± 7.45 kg) performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program (METP) during nine months, followed by a one-year detraining period (DT), while fourteen hypertensive older women (control group: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.56 ± 3.10 m, 69.38 ± 5.24 kg) with dyslipidemia kept their continued daily routine without exercise. For both groups, hemodynamic and lipidic profiles and functional capacities (FCs) were assessed four times: before and after the METP and after 3 and 12 months of DT (no exercise was carried out). Results: The METP improved hemodynamic and lipidic profiles (p < 0.05), while three months of DT decreased all (p < 0.05) parameters, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%) and FC—agility (4.24%), lower- (−12.75%) and upper-body strength (−12.17%), cardiorespiratory capacity (−4.81%) and lower- (−16.16%) and upper-body flexibility (−11.11%). Conclusion: Nine months of the exercise program significantly improved the hemodynamic and lipid profiles as well as the functional capacities of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Although a detraining period is detrimental to these benefits, it seems that the first three months are more prominent in these alterations.