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Family businesses are reported to consist of over involved family relationships. Over involvement often leads to conflict when late adolescents attempt to develop their own identity, separate from the home, and choose an occupation. This study examines differences between family‐and non‐family‐business offspring in relation to psychological over involvement, and career choice and development. Analyses of assessments completed by 248 undergraduate college students does not support the belief that family business members are overinvolved with each other, but does suggest implications for the career development of family business offspring.

A study was undertaken to assess the equivalence of the paper‐and‐pencil and computer versions of the Self‐Directed Search (SDS) for 62 college students. The results showed a significant positive correlation in SDS scores for the two SDS forms; however, users strongly preferred the computer format.

At-risk populations pose a major challenge to the counseling profession. This article describes a career development program for at-risk youth and delineates both the process and the outcomes of a combined quantitative and qualitative program evaluation. The results suggest that at-risk youth can benefit significantly from this career development program. A combination of work and curricular experiences seemed to be effective with this population.The increase of minority individuals in the workforce will just about double the increase of Whites by the year 2000 (i.e., 28.8% as compared with 14.6% increase, respectively; Leong, 1991). Minorities in the labor force, however, are worse off today than they were two decades ago (Hoyt, 1989). The unemployment rate for Black high school graduates (40.6%) is more than triple that of Whites, with 34% ofBlack youth jobless as of 1985 (Hoyt, 1989). Moreover,minority youth manifest tentative orientations toward work, which is not surprising given their lack of positive work role models, lack of work-related experiences, limited educational opportunities, and restricted access to career and employment information (Watson & Stead, 1990). A recent national survey revealed that at-risk individuals viewed themselves as highly in need of career development services. Minorities were more likely than Whites to want more information about careers, to need assistance with occupational information and Teri A. Loughead is an associate professor ofcounseling and development at

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