Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, and isoniazid and rifampicin along with silymarin per oral per day, respectively. On the 30th day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed after anesthetized, and blood was drawn for the liver function test, and the liver was also taken from each experimental mouse for histopathological evaluation. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 subsequently exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by using one-way ANOVA. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) of group II mice were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) elevated as compared to group I. The group of mice treated with a corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman at a dose of 400 mg/kg (group IV) and silymarin100 mg/kg (group V) showed a significant ( p < 0.05 ) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL as compared to the group II. The liver section of group II showed a change in liver architecture; however, these deformities were not noticed in group IV mice. The result showed corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract has a very promising hepatoprotective potential against isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver injury.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by increased blood glucose level. It causes a lot of systemic complications including pancreatic atrophy that leads to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. It is more common among type 1 diabetic than type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess magnitude of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and associated factors among diabetic patients attending Madda Walabu University Goba referral hospital, 2019.Materials and method: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted on 286 diabetic patients during study period. The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique among diabetic patients attending Madda Walabu University Goba referral hospital internal medicine department. The demographic data of the study participants were collected by face to face interview. Serum and urine samples were collected from each patient and analyzed to check pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and factors associated with it. The raw data were entered in to Epi Data V 3.0.2 and exported in to SPSS V 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression was done and variables with 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: The study participants were 250 (87.4%) type 2 diabetic and 36 (12.6%) type 1 diabetic patients. Among them 21.3% suffered from pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Amylase insufficiency found in 44.4% of type 1 and 16.0% in type 2 diabetics. But, lipase insufficiency was seen in 41.7% of type 1 and 16.0% in type 2 diabetics. The pancreatic exocrine insufficiency was higher among type 1 (44.44%) than type 2 (18.0%). Smoking habit, alcohol consumption, duration of disease, usage of hypoglycemic agents, ketosuria and type of diabetics were significantly associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Conclusion: There was an alteration of pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion among both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The habit of alcohol consumption, smoking and increase in the duration of the disease intensify the pancreatic insufficiency.