ABSTRAKKaries gigi merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Salah satu bakteri yang berperan penting dalam terjadinya karies gigi adalah Streptococcus mutans. Tanaman sirsak (Annona muricata L.) telah digunakan secara turun temurun oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengobati penyakit. Perbedaan kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh suatu tanaman dapat menyebabkan perbedaan jenis dan jumlah dari metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terhadap S.mutans ATCC 35668 serta menentukan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Jenis penelitian merupakan ekperimental laboratoris, dilakukan ekstraksi pada daun sirsak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak selanjutnya dilakukan skrining  tokimia dengan uji kromatogra lapis tipis (KLT). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 konsentrasi yaitu 150; 125; 100; 75; 50 mg/ml. DMSO 5% digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif dan Chlorheksidine 5% digunakan sebagai kontrol positif. Berdasarkan uji KLT, ekstrak etanol daun sirsak mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa saponin, terpenoid, steroid,  avonoid, tanin, alkaloid. Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans ATCC 35668 dengan KHM 125 mg/ml. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji parametrik Anava satu jalur. Konsentrasi ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan koloni S.mutans ATCC 35668 menunjukkan hasil signi kan (p<0,05). Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S.mutans ATCC 35668 dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 125 mg/ml. Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa saponin, terpenoid, steroid,  avonoid, tanin dan alkaloid. PENDAHULUANKaries gigi merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Proses karies melibatkan banyak faktor, yaitu: pejamu (gigi dan saliva), substrat (makanan), bakteri penyebab karies dan waktu.1 Bakteri yang melekat pada permukaan gigi dengan faktor-faktor lainnya dapat menimbulkan karies.2 Salah satu bakteri yang

The most visible repair response to pulp injury is the deposition of a tertiary dentin matrix over the dentinal tubules of the primary or secondary dentin. Tertiary dentin is distinguished as reactionary and reparative dentin, depending on the severity of the initiating response and the conditions under which the newly deposited dentin matrix was elaborated. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b)

The demineralization of dental hard tissues can be caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque contains various components, especially bacteria attached to the extracellular matrix. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has extracellular glucan as adhesin that is important in the attachment mechanism of tooth surface. The natural substance can be used for preventing plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of S. mutans. Soursop plant has been used in treating various diseases. The leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) are used as a material to inhibit potential attachment of bacteria S. mutans. Common surfaces that is used in adhesion testing is hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) on the adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 to HA discs. Soursop leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The experiment was carried out by analyzing the inhibition adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 on HA discs after incubation with different concentrations of soursop leaf extract. The concentrations of extract tested were: 150; 125; 100; 75; and 50 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 5% was used a negative one. Data were evaluated by One Way Anova. This study statistically showed significant differences of S. mutans colony count between groups (p<0.05).The results of a post hoc Dunnett T3 test showed that the 2 highest concentrations of extract (125 and 150 mg/ml) reduced S. mutans adhesion on HA discs.The obtained results showed that ethanol extract of soursop leave inhibits the adherence of S. mutans to the HA disc.

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Bcl-2 is a family of proteins involved in protecting the cell against death stimuli or in promoting cell death. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nifedipine treatment on the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingival tissues. Rats were given gastric intubation with various concentrations and durations of nifedipine. Nifedipine-untreated and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated animals served as control groups. The gingival tissues were dissected and the expression of bcl-2 protein was determined immunohistochemically. The results showed that the numbers of bcl-2-positive cells in the gingiva of nifedipine-treated animals were significantly higher than in the control groups. These numbers increased parallel to increased concentration and duration of nifedipine treatment. The results suggest that nifedipine treatment may induce the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingival tissue in a dose-and duration-dependent fashion and that this proto-oncogenic protein may play a role in nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.