Соціологічне оСмиСлення модернізації СучаСного українСького СуСпільСтваВступ. Попри поширене вживання, поняття модернізації не є чітко визначеним. Конкретизація його змісту залежить від світоглядної позиції дослідника.Проблематика. Внаслідок запровадження неоліберальних принципів господарювання відбулося не вдосконалення суспільства й зростання добробуту населення, а перетворення України в сировинний придаток глобального капіталізму і найбіднішу країну Європи.Мета. Дослідити суспільну думку щодо модернізації українського суспільства і з'ясувати перспективи вітчизняної науки та інноваційного розвитку України. Матеріали й методи. Аналіз статистичної інформації і наукових публікацій з проблем модернізації, даних соціологічного моніторингу соціальних змін в українському суспільстві і двох експертних опитувань (науковців НАН України і фахівців з питань інноваційного розвитку).Результати. Доведено, що проведена трансформація українського суспільства за своєю суттю є не модернізацією, а неоліберальним експериментом під модерністським прикриттям, що відкинув Україну з когорти найбільш промислово і науково розвинених країн на периферію сучасного світу, призвів до зубожіння і тотальної зневіри більшості громадян. Показано, що у межах існуючої неоліберальної моделі й укорінення олігархічної влади здійснити модернізацію України і перейти до інноваційного розвитку неможливо. Вітчизняна наука внаслідок фінансового геноциду й відсутності державної підтримки позбавлена можливості ефективно виконувати свої суспільні функції, зокрема бути одним із вирішальних агентів модернізації суспільства в інтересах усіх громадян.Висновки. За теорією модернізації як ідеолого-теоретичним конструктом сучасності стоять конк ретні політичні й ідеологічні інтереси великого капіталу. Нав'язана Україні теорія і практика неоліберальної модернізації як основного засобу виходу на шлях успішного соціально-економічного розвитку не виправдала покладених на неї надій і призвела до хронічнокризового стану суспільства. Це вимагає пошуку іншої, альтернативної моделі розвитку. К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: модернізація суспільства, неоліберальна модернізація, українське суспільство, інноваційний розвиток, вітчизняна наука, суспільна думка, соціологічні опитування.
The national report, prepared by the staff of the Section of Social Sciences and Humanities of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The report seeks to justify the concept of national resilience as resilience of the civilizational subject of a country in modern geopolitical conditions. The report also aims to define country’s strategy for ensuring the balance of development on the one hand and successful counteraction to external and internal threats, including hybrid ones on the other. The question of interaction of national resilience and national security of a state is investigated, the problem of institutional maintenance of strategy of national resilience is set.
The article is devoted to the sociological understanding of the poverty analysis methodological aspects as a topical social problem of today. Despite the defining poverty eradication as the number one goal in the Millennium Declaration and the priority task of sustainable world development by 2030, numerous scientific/political discussions and practical recommendations for overcoming poverty, it remains one of the most acute socio-economic and moral-ethical problems of humankind. The manifestation of multiple poverty factors — situational, socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-political, socio-cultural, institutional — only increases the need for a clear understanding of the root causes of the existence and reproduction of this phenomenon. Within capitalism, they consist of abandoning the principles of Keynesianism and the welfare state and the transition to the principles of neoliberalism, which determine the socio-economic essence of the society in today’s globalized world. It is no coincidence that analysts of all the most influential international organizations directly or indirectly recognize that the ineffectiveness of the fight against poverty is a consequence of the existing rules of modern social life. Poverty is an integral part of capitalism, one of the most acute and widespread forms of inequality and injustice inherent in this social order. The multifaceted nature of poverty phenomenon and the variety of approaches to its assessment led to the emergence of a giant thesaurus on these issues (absolute, relative, social, multidimensional poverty etc.). Identifying and assessing poverty, adequately to the complex realities of life, are essential points not only from a cognitive-analytical point of view but also for the elaboration of effective measures to overcome it.
Introduction. Despite its widespread usage, the concept of “modernization” is not clearly defined. Concretization of its meaning depends on the researcher’s worldview position. Problem Statement. The introduction of neoliberal economic principles did not lead to the improvement of society and the growth of human well-being. It transformed Ukraine into a raw-material appendage of global capitalism and the poorest country in Europe. Purpose. To analyze public opinion on the modernization of Ukrainian society and identify the prospects for science and innovative development in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Analysis of statistical information and scientific publications on the problems of modernization, data of the sociological monitoring of social changes in Ukrainian society and two expert surveys (scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and specialists on innovative development). Results. The author has proved that the transformation of Ukrainian society is not, in essence, a modernization. It is a neoliberal experiment under the guise of modernism, which rejected Ukraine from the cohort of the most industrially and scientifically developed countries to the periphery of the modern world, led to impoverishment and total despair of the majority of citizens. The author substantiates that it is impossible to modernize Ukraine and turn to innovative development within the existing neoliberal model and the oligarchic power rooting. As a result of financial genocide and the lack of state support, science in Ukraine is deprived of the opportunity to effectively perform its public functions, in particular, to be one of the decisive agents of modernization of society in the interests of all citizens. Conclusions. The specific political and ideological interests of a global capital stand behind the theory of modernization as an ideological and theoretical construct of modernity. The theory and practice of neoliberal modernization imposed on Ukraine as the main mean of reaching the path of successful socio-economic development have not lived up to the expectations and led to a chronic crisis state of the society. It requires finding another alternative model of development.
Globalization remains the most common and quite controversial concept in modern social discourse. Within the theoretical and conceptual sociological dimension, the authors analyzed the essence of economic globalization (EG) as its defining type. They studied globalization as an objective process (first of all, the international division of labour) and the subjective process of forming a global capitalist economy under the auspices of leading Western countries, supranational financial and economic institutions (primarily the World Bank and the IMF), TNCs. As the main drivers of globalization, they determine its forms and directions in the interests of the "core" of global capitalism. Within the empirical sociological dimension of EG (which involves measuring the various manifestations of the EG process itself as well as its social consequences), the authors paid particular attention to the analysis of social changes in Ukrainian society. The capitalization of the Ukrainian economy, which took place in parallel with Ukraine’s entry into the global economic space, led to degradation of the national economy, significant deterioration of living standards of most citizens, creation of anti-social state with the systemic crisis as its main attribute. To prove these conclusions, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the principal macroeconomic and sociological indicators of Ukrainian society’s life for almost 30 years of drift to the roadside of the global capitalist world, based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign sources. The authors focused on the research of eight critical areas of social changes: deindustrialization of the economy, global competitiveness and innovation, GDP dynamics, employment, income and welfare of the population, socioeconomic inequality, debt dependence and degradation of Ukrainian science. The analysis shows the need to abandon the neoliberal paradigm of development and search for the alternative and more fair models of EG.
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