52system. For DsL << DCuKTSM2 the lower limit for the translational diffusion coefficient for CuKTSM2 is equal to (60 -95) X lo-* cm2/s. Because the translational diffusion constant for 16-SASL at that temperature in DMPC is about 5 X the assumption that DsL Abstract: Nickel species contained in Y-type zeolite have been characterized by an EXAFS technique at each stage of catalyst preparation. When nickel ions were incorporated into the zeolite by aqueous ion exchange, a kind of "solution-like" hydrated state with Ni-O = 2.06 8, was suggested from the EXAFS analysis. After calcination, the nickel ions, surrounded by an average of 3.6 oxygen atoms with Ni-0 = 2.05 8,, scattered around the exchangeable sites with unsaturated coordination. According to the EXAFS and ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) results, the nickel ions in this state could not be reduced completely by hydrogen. On the contrary, a different behavior of hydrogen reduction was observed after treatment of the hydrated-nickel zeolite with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. A new nickel hydroxide oligomer with Ni-0 = 2.06 8, was formed in the supercage by this treatment. Moreover, calcination of this alkali-treated zeolite under oxygen atmosphere gave another new product containing nickel atoms with 3.5 oxygen neighbors at 2.08 8, and three second-nearest nickel neighbors at 2.99 8,. These oligomeric nickel-oxide clusters are certainly responsible for the high catalytic activity in CO oxidation. Hydrogen reduction of the small oxide clusters gave the zeolite catalyst which has an excellent activity for benzene hydrogenation. This material was confirmed to contain finely dispersed metallic nickel by the radial distribution function derived from the EXAFS spectrum.Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates consisting of threedimensional arrays of SiO, and AIO, tetrahedra. The void space enclosed within the unit is called the sodalite cage,! whereas a larger void space, called the supercage, is formed by linking sodalite units by hexagonal prisms. Windows 7.4 A in diameter (8) Morrison, T. I.; Iton, L. E.; Shenoy, G. K.; Stucky, G. D.; Suib, S. L.

The black rockfish Sebastes inermis is one of the most important fishery species along the coast from southern Hokkaido to Kyushu, Japan and is often found in rocks and Zostera areas. We conducted biotelemetry using coded ultrasonic transmitters to clarify the movement of the black rockfish that inhabited the seawall of the Kansai International Airport. We released 25 black rockfish at two points. One was the airport seawall and the other was side shallows off the Sensyu district. Seventeen black rockfish returned to their capture site after release. We used the V‐test to determine whether the direction of movement was random or orientated. The black rockfish moved at random along the seawall within some hours after release (P > 0.05). Four hours after release, they moved to their home site intentionally (P < 0.0025).

No abstract

With a laboratory EXAFS apparatus consisting of a usual X-ray generater, an LiF crystal, and a position sensitive X-ray detector with a self-scanning photodiode array, EXAFS spectra were obtained for aqueous [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Cu(en)2]Cl2 (en=ethylenediamine), and CuSO4 solutions. By reference to similar spectra of the corresponding crystals, the solution spectra were analyzed by the curve-fitting method. The values obtained for the distances between the metal and its first-shell atoms in the ammine and sulfate solutions are 2.03 (±0.02) and 1.98 (±0.03) Å, in accordance with those derived from the X-ray diffraction experiments. The Cu–N distance of [Cu(en)2]2+ in solution is 2.02 or 2.04 (±0.02) Å. These values obtained for the solutions are very close to those of corresponding solid complexes.

The EXAFS studies on CuBr2 –LiBr solutions in formamide showed that the existing species remained to be [Cu(formamide)4 ]2+ with the Cu–O distance of 1.97 Å even when the bromide concentration was increased. From the analysis of two other peaks in the EXAFS Fourier transform, the structure of the solvated species has been proposed.