We consider in this paper the stability of retrial queues with a versatile retrial policy. We obtain sufficient conditions for the stability by the strong coupling convergence to a stationary ergodic regime for various models of retrial queues including a model with two types of customers, a model with breakdowns of the server, a model with negative customers, and a model with batch arrivals. For all the models considered we assume that the service times are general stationary ergodic and interarrival and retrial times are i.i.d. sequences exponentially distributed. For the model with unreliable server we also assume that the repair times are stationary and ergodic and the occurrences of breakdowns follow a Poisson process.

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We study the stability of single server retrial queues under general distribution for retrial times and stationary ergodic service times, for three main retrial policies studied in the literature: classical linear, constant and control policies. The approach used is the renovating events approach to obtain sufficient stability conditions by strong coupling convergence of the process modeling the dynamics of the system to a unique stationary ergodic regime. We also obtain instability conditions by convergence in distribution to improper limiting sequences.