RESUMO O Melocactus conoideus é uma espécie listada como criticamente ameaçada de extinção, o que evidencia a necessidade de ações de pesquisa que contribuam para a sua proteção. No entanto, são poucos os estudos acerca da espécie em diversos aspectos, sobretudo os embasados em informações genéticas com o uso de marcadores moleculares. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil de segmentos de DNA amplificados e selecionar primers Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) visando subsidiar análises genéticas em M. conoideus. Quatro genótipos da espécie foram utilizados para a análise molecular com 23 primers ISSR. Foram observadas 118 marcas (40,7% polimórficas) com média de 7,87 marcadores por iniciador. Com base no padrão de geração de marcas, 15 primers se mostraram adequados, exibindo de 4 a 11 marcadores com boa qualidade de visualização. A heterozigosidade esperada e o Conteúdo de Informação Polimórfica também foram estimados, exibindo valores médios de 0,43 e 0,33, respectivamente. Estes marcadores possuem potencial uso em estudos moleculares em M. conoideus incluindo estimativas de variabilidade e estruturação genética visando conhecer a base genética da espécie e auxiliar no manejo para a conservação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cabeça-De-Frade; Espécie Criticamente Ameaçada; Marcadores Moleculares.
The genetic-molecular knowledge of the species that present relevance as a natural resource is fundamental for the elaboration of strategies of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Molecular markers are important tools for obtaining relative genetic data from population estimates to identification of genomic regions associated with phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study was to present an overview of the available knowledge in the literature on the application of molecular markers for the study of species of the genus Croton, indicating both the main gaps and perspectives regarding the available molecular tools and its application in the understanding of the genus, aiming at the conservation and use of these species. For that, searches were made on databases (indexers) of scientific publications. In summary, genetic studies with the application of molecular markers were restricted to seven species of Croton spp., corresponding to less than 1% of the species of the genus, and most dominant molecular markers were used, a fact that limits the possibility of authors to broaden their discussions and conclusions. The data presented indicate the lack of knowledge regarding the genetic characteristics and the population genetic structure for Croton spp.. Consequently, this reality testifies to a set of opportunities for conducting new research that contributes to the characterization and use of this biodiversity.
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