Introduction Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), a global public health problem and the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has a significant financial impact on health systems. In Brazil, the prevalence of SAH is 23.7%, which caused 203,000 deaths and 3.9 million DALYs in 2015. Objective To estimate the cost of SAH and circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system in 2019. Methods A prevalence-based cost-of-illness was conducted using a top-down approach. The population attributable risk (PAR) was used to estimate the proportion of circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH. The direct medical costs were obtained from official Ministry of Health of Brazil records and literature parameters, including the three levels of care (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Deterministic univariate analyses were also conducted. Results The total cost of SAH and the proportion of circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH was Int$ 581,135,374.73, varying between Int$ 501,553,022.21 and Int$ 776,183,338.06. In terms only of SAH costs at all healthcare levels (Int$ 493,776,445.89), 97.3% were incurred in primary care, especially for antihypertensive drugs provided free of charge by the Brazilian public health system (Int$ 363,888,540.14). Stroke accounted for the highest cost attributable to SAH and the third highest PAR, representing 47% of the total cost of circulatory diseases attributable to SAH. Prevalence was the parameter that most affected sensitivity analyses, accounting for 36% of all the cost variation. Conclusion Our results show that the main Brazilian strategy to combat SAH was implemented in primary care, namely access to free antihypertensive drugs and multiprofessional teams, acting jointly to promote care and prevent and control SAH.
O tratamento da infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) é uma prioridade estratégica para eliminar a tuberculose em países com alta incidência, como o Brasil. Esquemas mais curtos têm sido recomendados para estimular a adesão e a conclusão do tratamento pelos pacientes. Esta revisão examina as evidências da eficácia e segurança da combinação de rifapentina com isoniazida por três meses (3HP) em comparação com isoniazida isolada por nove meses (9H) no tratamento da ILTB. Uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise foi conduzida seguindo as diretrizes de redação do checklist PRISMA. Buscas estruturadas nas plataformas Medline (PUBMED), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus e Web of Science foram realizadas em agosto de 2020. Foram encontradas 586 publicações e incluídos sete estudos completos na análise. Os resultados mostram que o 3HP foi superior ao 9H no desfecho de conclusão do tratamento, com significância estatística (OR = 2,92; IC95% = 2,07-4,12). Menos casos de tuberculose ativa ocorreram em pacientes tratados com 3HP, porém o risco relativo não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significativa (RR = 0,47; IC95% = 0,2-1,12). As taxas de hepatotoxicidade clinicamente relevante variaram de 0% a 1,5% no 3HP e entre 1,2% a 5,3% no 9H. Não houve mortalidade atribuída aos medicamentos. Os resultados dessa revisão indicam que o regime 3HP é tão seguro e eficaz quanto o 9H e promove taxas de conclusão de tratamento significativamente mais altas. A adoção do 3HP no tratamento da ILTB pode contribuir nos esforços do país em eliminar a tuberculose como um problema de saúde pública.
Introduction:Quality of life (QoL) is an important health measure and is widely used to assess the difference between treatments for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) since the desirable glycemic control and the minimization of episodes of hypoglycemia are fundamental aspects for a better QoL. This study aims to identify the factors associated with QoL in patients with T1DM.Methods:A cross-sectional study (approved by ethics committee) was carried out in the state of Minas Gerais with 401 T1DM patients who used insulin glargine (GLA) selected in March 2017, and 179 patients who used insulin-neutral protamine (NPH) selected between January and February 2014, and both groups were treated by Brazilian National Health System (SUS). A questionnaire with three blocks was used: A) sociodemographic data; B) clinical data and access to the service; and C) QoL by Euroqol (EQ-5D-3L). We used multiple linear regression model by the forward stepwise method to access the correlation between the utilities of the EQ-5D-3L and all the explanatory variables (blocks A and B). We adopted the significance level and confidence interval of 95 percent (95% CI).Results:Of the 580 patients evaluated, 54 percent were women, 47 percent were in the age group between 18–40 years, 53 percent reported to be non-black. The EQ-5D-3L analysis showed patients treated with insulin analogue GLA had an average utility of 0.849 and those treated with NPH insulin 0.722 (p < 0.000). Individuals young, very good/good health self-perception, having not been bedridden in the last 15 days, zero to three medical appointments in the last year, no hospitalization in the last year, regular physical activity in the last 15 days to practice physical exercise, having between zero and three comorbidities and no severe hypoglycemia in the last 30 days were explained 41.3 percent of QoL. The type of insulin therapy, GLA or NPH, did not enter into the final multiple regression model.Conclusions:The findings of this study pointed to a lack of correlation between insulin therapy and QoL of patients with T1DM. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were more important to explain the QoL of diabetics. In addition, the evidence pointed to the importance of episodes of hypoglycemia for Qol. Of the 191 episodes of hypoglycemia (non-severe and severe) reported, 66 percent were from patients treated with GLA.
Introdução: Os Hemangiomas Infantis (HI) são os tumores vasculares benignos mais comuns na infância. Estes acometem 10% a 12% das crianças durante o primeiro ano de vida. Na maioria dos casos, não ocorrem complicações que necessitam de tratamento. Porém, os HI podem gerar alterações estéticas importantes e interferir na funcionalidade dos pacientes. Apesar de não ter em bula a indicação para o tratamento de HI, o cloridrato de propranolol, na forma farmacêutica de comprimido, é utilizado no SUS de forma off label. Métodos: Avaliação crítica das evidências científicas, análise econômica, impacto orçamentário apresentados pelo demandante da proposta de incorporação do medicamento cloridrato de propranolol, na forma de solução oral, e busca complementar de evidências nas plataformas de busca MEDLINE (Pubmed), Cochrane Library e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados: Das 1067 publicações identificadas nas plataformas de busca, cinco estudos foram selecionados, sendo que apenas duas destas publicações foram apresentados pelo demandante. Os estudos avaliados demostraram que o cloridrato de propranolol é eficaz e seguro em comparação ao placebo. Contudo, nenhum dos estudos recuperados avaliou comparativamente as duas formas farmacêuticas (comprimido e solução oral), ou comparou o cloridrato de propranolol com outros medicamentos. Assim também, não foram encontrados estudos que avaliaram adesão ao tratamento ou qualidade de vida. O preço proposto para incorporação foi de R$ 350,00 para a forma solução oral (3,75 mg/mL-120 mL), enquanto que o preço para a forma de comprimidos (40 mg-20 a 40 unidades) varia entre R$ 2,92 a R$ 6,20 (PMVG-ICMS de 18%). A avaliação econômica elaborada pelo demandante resultou em uma custo-utilidade incremental de R$ 776,34/QALY, porém o modelo possui importantes limitações quanto aos dados de utilidade e levantamento dos custos, as quais limitam a interpretação dos resultados.
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