This article aims to introduce an innovative method of acceleration in biodiesel production process. The biodiesel was produced from fatty acids, using palm oil that is widely used in food industry as a raw material. Methyl alcohol is a solvent with a molar ratio of 1:6 and using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst at 1 wt. %. The reaction of biodiesel production was prepared by 100 ml substrate and conducted in the reactor chamber. The chamber was custom built with coaxial cylindrical electrode consisted of inner rod electrode and outer tube electrode. Supply high voltage levels were at 1, 2.5 and 5 kV and exposure time was selected for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes to compare with the controlled sample without electric field. It is found that; electric field can rapidly accelerate the rate of reaction on biodiesel production. Glycerine settling resulting from electric field stress is significantly much faster than conventional sedimentation by gravity method. If electric field stresses is increased, the rate of reaction is also faster. It was also notice that, the higher glycerine content was achieved when applying voltage is increased in the same direction. The electric field stresses that produce the highest glycerine yield is at 5 kV. It can also be noticed that, at 5 kV the rate of glycerol settling content were retarded at 15-20 minutes, which is found to be the saturation point of reaction.
Indigo blue was discovered as a semiconductor material because of its organic semiconductor properties. This paper shows a primary study of the electrochemical properties of Sakon Nakhon-indigo strain used in the metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) diode. The fermentation and extraction of our local indigo plant are explained. Indian indigo in the MSM diode is compared in the same conditions of preparation. The electrochemical properties, including the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic, static resistance, and rectification ratio, are discussed. The results show that the electron and hole characteristics and band gap energy of the indigo blue affects the electrochemical properties of the device. Our local MSM diode has a suitable operation between −1 and +3 VMSM with a knee voltage of 1.0 VMSM. Especially, it can produce the highest forward-bias current of about 3.19 mA at linear operation between +2 and +3 VMSM, whereas the review MSM diode is about 2–3 hundred times lower. This shows that this strain has more conductive properties because of its effective electron and hole characteristics obtained by an indigo yield concentration. Therefore, the MSM diode based on Sakon Nakhon-indigo strain is an important role in an electronic semiconductor device for low voltage consumption and high sensitivity. In the future, the molecular characteristics of local indigo may be deeply analyzed to be further developed into a thin-film form used as an organic semiconductor material in several electronic devices.
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