RESUMO As esterases (E.C. 3.1.1.1) são enzimas pertencentes à classe das carboxil ester hidrolases, e atuam diretamente na clivagem e na formação de ligações ésteres, enquanto as lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) são hidrolases que catalisam a hidrólise de triacilgliceróis em ácidos graxos livres e glicerol. A utilização de enzimas nas indústrias permite o desenvolvimento de processos tecnológicos tão eficientes quanto os realizados pela natureza e sem impactos ambientais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar micro-organismos isoaldos da Caatinga com potencial promissor na produção das enzimas esterase e lipase. Amostras de fungos filamentosos (6 amostras) do gênero Aspergillus sp. denominados de SIS (10, 11, 12, 14, 92, 112) e 2 isolados de Penicillium sp. denominados de SIS (21, 23) foram cultivados em meios de cultura específico utilizando as temperaturas de 28°C e 35°C, durante 72 h, com acompanhamento diário. A presença do halo característico evidenciou a presença das enzimas testadas. Os melhores resultados obtidos indicaram que a produção de lipase e esterase com o Penicillium sp. (SIS 23), apresentando índice enzimático de 2,0cm à 35°C e á 28°C e 1,5 cm após 72 horas de cultivo destacando-se como um potencial produtor de esterase e lipase. Palavras-chave: detecção de enzimas microbianas, fungos filamentosos, enzimas hidrolíticas ABCTRACT Esterases (E.C. 3.1.1.1) are enzymes belong to the class of carboxyl ester hydrolases and act directly in cleavage and formation of ester bonds, while the lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to free fatty acids and glycerol). The use of enzymes in industries allows the development of technological processes as efficient as those carried out by nature and without environmental impacts. In this context, the objective this study was identify microorganisms isolated from Caatinga with promising potential in production of enzymes esterase and lipase. Samples of filamentous fungi (6 samples) Aspergillus sp. genus, called SIS (10, 11, 12, 14, 92, 112) and 2 isolates of Penicillium sp., called SIS (21, 23) were grown in specific culture means using temperatures of 28 °C and 35 °C during 72 h, with daily monitoring. The presence of the characteristic halo showed the presence of the tested enzymes. The best results obtained indicated the production of lipase and esterase by Penicillium sp. (SIS 23) with enzyme index of 2.0 cm at 35 °C and at 28 ° C and 1.5 cm after 72 hours cultivation standing out as potential producer of esterase and lipase.

In this work it was investigated the potential of Mucorales fungi isolated from the Caatinga of Pernambuco state for production of biosurfactants using renewable substrates. The strains (Mucor circinelloides UCP 0005, M. circinelloides UCP 0006 and Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 1609) were cultivated in alternative culture media consisting of instant noodle waste (INW), corn steep liquor (CSL) and post-frying soybean oil (PFSO), according to conditions established by a 23 full-factorial design (FFD). The production of biosurfactants was evaluated by determining surface tension and emulsification index (EI24) and statistical analysis was performed using Pareto diagram. The presence of the main sources of carbon and nitrogen in production medium was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the results, the three fungi evaluated were able of produce biosurfactant in media containing renewable sources. However, the strain that showed the greatest reduction in surface tension (72 to 27 mN/m) was M. circinelloides UCP 0006 in condition 3 of the FFD (1% INW and 4% CSL, in absence of PFSO). The infrared analysis of the INW showed the presence of carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins, proving that this is a suitable substrate for the cultivation of fungi. The biosurfactants produced by M. circinelloides UCP 0005 and M. circinelloides UCP 0006 were able to form water-in-oil emulsions and the biosurfactant from R. arrhizus UCP 1609 formed oil-in-water emulsions. The present study demonstrated that the three Mucorales fungi tested were able to produce biosurfactants from renewable sources, with emphasis on M. circinelloides UCP 0006.

The dialysis procedure for kidney patients is of vital importance and consists of diverting blood from the body to a machine that will do the work of the kidneys, filtering the blood and eliminating toxins. The properly filtered blood returns to the patient's body, a process called hemodialysis. In the hemodialysis filtration process, water is used to dilute a solution, which will have contact with the blood through a semi-permeable membrane, through the diffusion process. The water used in hemodialysis must undergo rigorous treatment to eliminate unwanted substances. Consolidation Ordinance 5/2017 and RDC No. 11/2014 establishes the maximum limits allowed for physicochemical and microbiological contaminants in drinking water and water for hemodialysis, as well as operational procedures to prevent contamination. The control of the proper functioning of water treatment systems for hemodialysis and the quality of this water is carried out through a daily checklist, as well as monthly and semi-annual procedures. Thus, a list of parameters with priorities of responsibility for the occurrence of certain problems is needed so that the solution of these impasses occurs in a timely manner, favoring the care of hemodialysis patients with maximum brevity and safety. In this work, the Multivariate Statistics methodology known as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify and classify relevant parameters in order of priority. For the PCA application, experimental data related to 30 days of operation of a treatment system associated with a hospital unit were used. Eleven factors were selected and from these historical data eight were selected after adequate preparation of the information matrix. In order of priority regarding the electrical conductivity of the water in the treatment system, eight relevant parameters were chosen. In solving problems with the treatment system, ACP indicated priority to address, chronologically, the variables: pre-coal filter pressure, post-coal filter pressure, feed pump pressure, post-coal conductivity, Pre-filter hardness softener , pre sand filter pH, pre-coal free residual chlorine and feed water temperature

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