I Inhalation of toxic doses of phosgene results in varying degrees of pulmonary edema, often after a symptom-free period. The sheep is an anatomically suitable animal in which to study the development of pulmonary edema during that symptom-free period. Five sheep were used in this study, and they were instrumented so as to provide simultaneous information on pulmonary vascular and interstitial fluid dynamics. Through a thoracotomy, the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node was .cannulated to monitor pulmonary lymph flow. The sheep were also instrumented with a carotid arterial catheter, a pulmonary artery catheter with thermistor, and a left atrial catheter to monitor systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics. After a 5-to 7-day recovery period, the sheep were given a l0-min nose and mouth exposure to 2.0-2.5 g/m3 of phosgene. Over the next 4 h, there was a two to threefold increase in pulmonary lymph flow, accompanied by a small but significant increase in mean pulmonary microvascular pressure, but no significant change in the ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration. The pattern of data suggests that aberrant filtration function and, to a much lesser extent, hemodynamic forces contributed to the resulting pulmonary edema. Four hours after exposure the sheep were euthanized and necropsied. Histopathologic examination of lung tissue showed diffuse, moderate alveolar and interlobular edema.
SummaryA swivel-tethering and jacket system was used in conjunction with vinyl patch electrodes and Holter recorders to obtain continuous ECG recordings in 12 rhesus monkeys on a long-term (12 day) study. Animals were custom-fitted with nylon mesh jackets that were connected to a swivel unit by a flexible, stainless steel tether. Lead wires from the chest electrodes passed through the tether to the electrical swivel apparatus located at the top of the cage. Wires from the upper part of the swivel were attached to a reel-to-reel Holter recorder. This technique was used to obtain 24-h continuous ECG recordings, which were later processed using a computer-assisted Holter analysis system.
Keywords: Ambulatory monitoring; Electrocardiography; Macaca speciesNonhuman primates are frequently used in drug trials or studies involving compounds that may have cardiotoxic side effects. Electrocardiographs are often obtained to help evaluate the types and severity of any cardiac effects. Studies carried out over relatively sustained time-periods are generally performed on heavily sedated or chair-restrained animals.
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