Abstract. This study reports the process of item reduction of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory – EFI, a measure of interpersonal forgiveness, from 60 to 30 items for a more practical assessment of this construct. Data from the US were used in the creation of the new measure and applied to seven nations: Austria, Brazil, Israel, South Korea, Norway, Pakistan, and Taiwan. The question was: do the best EFI-30 items from the US have discriminative power in seven other cultures? Results provided the psychometric evidence for the reduced version of the EFI-30 across cultures. The discrimination values are positive, suggesting that the selected items have the sensitivity to differentiate accurately people with different degrees of forgiveness and good psychometric properties of internal consistency.

This review aimed to detail the main information pertinent to the physiological and behavioral mechanisms evidenced in cattle under heat stress conditions. Brazilian cattle-breeding represents the second largest herd in the world, promoting great impact on the country's exports. Throughout their adaptability, these animals were submitted to different environments, which directly influence productive and reproductive performance, seeking compensatory mechanisms to maintain body homeostasis. Therefore, we can consider that heat stress directly affects the physiological and behavioral responses of cattle subjected to high temperatures. Adaptability of breeds to tropics should be considered of extreme importance in the choice of a productive activity for cattle-breeding and, particularly, in hot environments.

No abstract

No abstract