Trichoderma spp. are used for biocontrol of several plant pathogens. However, their efficient interaction with the host needs to be accompanied by production of secondary metabolites and cell wall-degrading enzymes. Three parameters were evaluated after interaction between four Trichoderma species and plant-pathogenic fungi: Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Trichoderma harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective antagonists against the pathogens. Most of the Trichoderma species produced toxic volatile metabolites, having significant effects on growth and development of the plant pathogens. When these species were grown in liquid cultures with cell walls from these plant pathogens, they produced and secreted β-1,3-glucanase, NAGAse, chitinase, acid phosphatase, acid proteases and alginate lyase.

Genetic engineering has brought improvements of Trichoderma species for biotechnological processes such as agriculture. It has previously been reported that sm1 and aquaglyceroporin genes from Trichoderma harzianum are strongly expressed during pathogens biocontrol. We have previously shown that Sm1 plays a significant role in plant disease resistance and aquaporin (AQP) regulate physiological processes and responses related to water stress. Here, we report the evaluation of mutant lines with sm1 (deleated) and aqp (overexpressed) in Phaseoulus vulgaris growth promotion and disease resistance induction. It was investigated plants physiological and biochemical responses, plant growth promotion and biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold. Treatments included Trichoderma harzianum wyld type, mutant line overexpressing aquaporin (Aqua), and deleted ΔEpl1mutant line. Our results demonstrated that Aqua mutant line increased leaf area in 25%, in comparison to non-treated plants. It also differed from other treatments, in comparison to plants with treatments ALL-42 and ΔEpl1, which increased 28% and 91%, respectively (Isso é abstract, ta confuse e extensor. Specific activity of β-1.3 glucanase was higher in plants treated with T. harzianum ΔEpl1 mutant isolate, in leaves and roots respectively with 2.07 Umg-¹ and 2.57 Umg-¹. Plants inoculated or not with S. sclerotiorum presented with 2.27 Umg -1 and 2.34 Umg -1 of β-1.3 glucanase on average, respectively, but enzymatic activity was higher on leaves when compared to the roots. The Aqua mutant demonstrated excellent growth promoting properties. Both mutants of T. harzianum do not induce resistance to white mold on common bean plants.

RESUMOSabe-se que o uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) como crack, heroína, maconha, e outras, têm aumentado nos últimos anos, tornando-se um problema global, fazendo com que famílias passem frequentemente por transtornos, como abandono do lar, tráfico e violência, que ocasionam sequelas e acabam tornando os familiares dos dependentes de SPA co-dependentes e reféns de um fator agressivo e em alguns casos destruidores. Neste sentido a análise aqui apresentada que foi desenvolvida mediante a aprovação do Comitê de ética e Pesquisa (CEP) aponta para a necessidade de estudos direcionados para esta área, uma vez que demonstra questões alarmantes e que estão constantemente ocorrendo nas mais diversas classes sociais.