The nonaqueous lithium-oxygen battery is a promising candidate as a next-generation energy storage system because of its potentially high energy density (up to 2-3 kW kg), exceeding that of any other existing energy storage system for storing sustainable and clean energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels. To achieve high round-trip efficiency and satisfactory cycling stability, the air electrode structure and the electrocatalysts play important roles. Here, a 3D array composed of one-dimensional TiN@PtCu nanowires was synthesized and employed as a whole porous air electrode in a lithium-oxygen battery. The TiN nanowire was primarily used as an air electrode frame and catalyst support to provide a high electronic conductivity network because of the high-orientation one-dimensional crystalline structure. Meanwhile, deposited icosahedral PtCu nanocrystals exhibit highly efficient catalytic activity owing to the abundant {111} active lattice facets and multiple twin boundaries. This porous air electrode comprises a one-dimensional TiN@PtCu nanowire array that demonstrates excellent energy conversion efficiency and rate performance in full discharge and charge modes. The discharge capacity is up to 4600 mAh g along with an 84% conversion efficiency at a current density of 0.2 mA cm, and when the current density increased to 0.8 mA cm, the discharge capacity is still greater than 3500 mAh g together with a nearly 70% efficiency. This designed array is a promising bifunctional porous air electrode for lithium-oxygen batteries, forming a continuous conductive and high catalytic activity network to facilitate rapid gas and electrolyte diffusion and catalytic reaction throughout the whole energy conversion process.

Fabrication of both p-type and n-type cupric oxide is of great importance for the large-scale photovoltaic application. Our first-principles density functional theory calculations confirm that copper vacancy can lead to good p-type conduction in CuO, while oxygen vacancy is a deep donor. To investigate electrical conduction in CuO, we calculated the defect formation energies as well as their ionization levels for several potential acceptors and donors. Our results indicate that Li and Na are shallow acceptors and their formation energies are low in oxygen rich environment. However, it is also found that n-type conduction is relatively hard to induce by donors, as most donors have deep transition levels in the band gap and/or high formation energies. Hf and Zr have the shallowest ionization levels of around 0.2 eV below the conduction band minimum, but their formation energies are relatively high, limiting the electrical conductivity of doped CuO. Our study explains why it is hard to obtain n-type conduction in CuO. V

Porous LaNi0.9Cu0.1O3 nanosheets exhibit excellent performance in Li–O2 batteries because of abundant lattice strain and the oxygen vacancy effect.

Developing an air electrode with high efficiency and stable performance is essential to improve the energy conversion efficiency and lifetime of zinc–air battery. Herein, Ni3Pt alloy is deposited on 3D nickel foam by a pulsed laser deposition method, working as a stable binder‐free air electrode for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The polycrystalline Ni3Pt alloy possesses high oxygen‐conversion catalytic activity, which is highly desirable for the charge and discharge process in zinc–air battery. Meanwhile, this sample technique constructs an integrated and stable electrode structure, which not only has a 3D architecture of high conductivity and porosity but also produces a uniform Ni3Pt strongly adhering to the substrate, favoring rapid gas and electrolyte diffusion throughout the whole energy conversion process. Employed as an air electrode in zinc–air batteries, it exhibits a small charge and discharge gap of below 0.62 V at 10 mA cm−2, with long cycle life of 478 cycles under 10 min per cycle. Furthermore, benefitting from the structural advantages, a flexible device exhibits similar electrochemical performance even under the bending state. The high performance resulting from this type of integrated electrode in this work paves the way of a promising technique to fabricate air electrodes for zinc–air batteries.

Copper oxides (CuxO) thin films were deposited using radio frequency (RF) sputtering on glass substrates. By tuning the argon (Ar) partial pressure during deposition, cuprous oxide (Cu2O), cupric oxide (CuO), or their mixed phase could be achieved. Drastic variations in the Hall mobility, hole density, and resistivity of the samples were observed due to the presence of different phases in the films. Kelvin probe studies indicate that the photo-generated carriers have lower recombination rate in pure Cu2O phase. This was further validated by transient absorption measurements, where the estimated carrier lifetime for Cu2O was much larger that other phases.