Binder‐Free 3D Integrated Ni@Ni<sub>3</sub>Pt Air Electrode for Zn–Air Batteries

Pham, Thien Viet; Li, Yang; Luo, Wenbin; Guo, Haipeng; Gao, Xuan‐Wen; Wang, Jiazhao; Liu, Huan

doi:10.1002/gch2.201900027

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Figure S9 (Supporting Information) presents low-resolution CS-STEM images, which confirmed that the numerous defect sites in TiC can be served as efficient catalytic sites. [45] Additionally, the Raman spectra (Figure S10, Supporting Information) of Black Ti show three peaks at ≈ 270, 440, and 605 cm −1 , which were almost consistent with previously published results related to TiC, [32] and the slight difference may be attributed to the nonstoichiometric nature of TiC. [46] To verify the uniformity of the TiC, SEM-EDS elemental mapping was performed.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Black Ti and Characterization Of Tic Formed On ...supporting

confidence: 87%

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Cho

Park

Lee

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Seawater batteries (SWBs) are a type of sodium-air batteries that use abundant seawater as the source of the catholyte. A cathode current collector in traditional SWBs is composed of titanium (Ti) and carbon-based current collectors. The high contact resistance between Ti and carbon-based current collectors as well as the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution and reduction reactions increase the overpotential, resulting in side reactions such as carbon corrosion. To enhance the performance of SWBs, previous studies have focused on carbon current collectors, catalysts, and polymer binders, while ignoring the importance of Ti. In this study, a facile carbon diffusion technique is employed to successfully form titanium carbide (TiC) on the surface of Ti. SWBs with engineered Ti demonstrate considerably improved performance (four times higher cycling stability, 30% increased power performance, 40% reduced voltage gap) in relation to those with pristine Ti. This significantly improved electrochemical performance is found to be attributable to the prevention of carbon corrosion due to i) the reduction of contact resistance (owing to rough TiC surface) and ii) the electrocatalytic effect of TiC. Finally, engineered Ti is applied to large-area SWBs and its potential applicability in energy storage systems is confirmed.

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Section: Synthesis Of Black Ti and Characterization Of Tic Formed On ...supporting

confidence: 87%

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Cho

Park

Lee

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…process, causing vulnerable stability in the liquid Zn-air fuel cell system. [11][12][13] Actually, the pore structure has an important influence on the ORR reaction process of metal-air batteries. [14,15] For example, many previous researches have indicated that the pore structure and pore size will greatly affect the diffusion of gas and electrolyte, which is closely related to the reaction kinetics of ORR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore Confinement of Electrocatalysts Optimizing Triple Transport for an Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Zinc–Air Fuel Cell with Robust Stability

et al. 2020

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electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic activity and stability, the realization of a stable and efficient ORR on air electrodes remains a challenge. [4] Generally, advanced metal-air fuel cells require high power output and robust stability. It is vital to build a stable triplephase reaction interface on the electrocatalyst to achieve a perfect balance among electron conduction, oxygen gas diffusion, and ion transportation. [5] However, the masking of active sites in the disorderly stacked electrocatalyst layer in a metalair fuel cell results in sluggish electron transfer. This phenomenon will greatly reduce the efficiency of electron and ion transport, leading to a distinct reduction in the power density. [6] Moreover, the fragile triple-phase interface is easily eroded by water under long-term high current discharging, thereby blocking the oxygen gas transport channel, and causing a significant decline in the stability of the Zn-air fuel cell. [7] To address these issues, the most common strategy is to mix the electrocatalyst and hydrophobic polymer to form a stable three-phase interface and gas transmission channel. In this case, excessive polymer addition greatly increases the reaction resistance and reduces the power density of the Zn-air fuel cell. [8-10] However, fabricating binder-free air electrodes by directly growing electrocatalysts on a conductive substrate can significantly enhance the electrical conductivity. Unfortunately, numerous catalytic sites will be eroded by water flooding in the long-term reaction Metal-air fuel cells with high energy density, eco-friendliness, and low cost bring significantly high security to future power systems. However, the impending challenges of low power density and high-current-density stability limit their widespread applications. In this study, an ultrahigh-power-density Zn-air fuel cell with robust stability is highlighted. Benefiting from the water-resistance effect of the confined nanopores, the highly active cobalt cluster electrocatalysts reside in specific nanopores and possess stable triple-phase reaction areas, leading to the synergistic optimization of electron conduction, oxygen gas diffusion, and ion transport for electrocatalysis. As a result, the as-established Zn-air fuel cell shows the best stability under high-current-density discharging (>90 h at 100 mA cm −2) and superior power density (peak power density: >300 mW cm −2 , specific power: 500 Wg cat −1) compared to most reported non-noble-metal electrocatalysts. The findings will provide new insights in the rational design of electrocatalysts for advanced metal-air fuel cell systems. Metal-air fuel cells are indispensable as next-generation energy storage systems because of their high energy density, eco-friendliness, and low cost. [1] However, the low power density and vulnerable stability of metal-air fuel cells seriously impede their large-scale applications. In particular, a highly efficient and stable power output will be indispensable for emergency backup power supply in future smart po...

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“…From this point of view, the coin cell, which is also frequently used, represents an actual optimization, because here, the entire zinc reservoir is located in the cell and is in contact with the electrolyte. [116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] However, the coin cell setup also causes problems in the operation of the zinc-air battery and is not to be advocated without further ado. The schematic cross-section of a zinc-air battery in coin cell configuration illustrates the problem originating from the extensive contact between zinc anode and the electrolyte in such a configuration (Figure 6).…”

Section: A View On Cell Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long‐Overlooked Pitfall in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Proper Electrode Balancing

Deckenbach

Schneider

2023

Adv Materials Inter

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advance at the end of the 1990s, the current electrification needs in nearly all sectors would be difficult to imagine, striving our daily life from miniaturized applications up to massive energy storage demands in transportation. With regards to zero-emission passenger transportation using battery powered vehicles, the advantage of the lithium-ion battery seems currently undisputed.This steadily increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries currently raises the question of whether and how long the availability of raw materials can be guaranteed. Moreover, the constantly expanding range of applications for the lithium-ion technology means that the safety aspects to be fulfilled are becoming ever more stringent, which are known to be the weak spot of this system due to the high reactivity of lithium. [1][2][3][4] Consequently, the lithium-ion battery is subjected to enormous performance pressure, because as a universal remedy it must meet the most diverse requirements. [5] Nevertheless, the lithium-ion battery is meanwhile used ubiquitously due to the current absence of suitable and technologically mature alternatives, which further exacerbates the raw material situation. [5,6] Due to the enormous application potential of the lithium-ion battery, other battery technologies (nickel-cadmium, nickelmetal hydride, lead-acid) that have been known for a long time are meanwhile pushed out of the market or represent only niche products known for just a specific application. [7][8][9] This is true for the zinc-air battery too, which is mainly known to the consumer as a non-rechargeable battery for hearing aids. However, it has also been known as a battery and mobile charger for military applications, since it is heavy duty under the most adverse conditions, while allowing high energy density and maintaining high safety requirements. [10][11][12] Yet, already in the mid-1990s, zinc-air batteries were on the verge of their breakthrough as a rechargeable energy storage device that would usher in the complete electrification of Germany's postal fleet at that time. [13] As a mechanically rechargeable battery system in a van fleet of 60 cars, the used zinc metal (Zn) anodes were removed as a full pack from the spent battery set and replaced by a fresh metal pack to recover the battery. With that, a usage of more than 320 km with an energy density of 200 Wh kg −1 had already been achieved under realistic conditions. [13] In times of an ever-increasing demand for portable energy storage systems, post-lithium-based battery systems are increasingly coming into the focus of current research. In this realm, zinc-air batteries can be considered a very promising candidate to expand the existing portfolio of lithium-based rechargeable battery systems due to their high theoretical energy density of 1086 Wh kg −1 . Despite a steady increase in research over the past 5 years, a breakthrough in realizing fully electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries has yet to come. This perspective article highlights pitfalls that have probably hampered ...

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Binder‐Free 3D Integrated Ni@Ni₃Pt Air Electrode for Zn–Air Batteries

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Nanopore Confinement of Electrocatalysts Optimizing Triple Transport for an Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Zinc–Air Fuel Cell with Robust Stability

A Long‐Overlooked Pitfall in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Proper Electrode Balancing

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Binder‐Free 3D Integrated Ni@Ni3Pt Air Electrode for Zn–Air Batteries

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

Nanopore Confinement of Electrocatalysts Optimizing Triple Transport for an Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Zinc–Air Fuel Cell with Robust Stability

A Long‐Overlooked Pitfall in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Proper Electrode Balancing

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Binder‐Free 3D Integrated Ni@Ni₃Pt Air Electrode for Zn–Air Batteries