It has been suggested that the insulin resistance (IR) associated with reduced fetal growth results from interactions between genetic factors and an unfavorable fetal environment. In addition, the adipose tissue seems to play a key role in this association. We investigated whether polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣ (G؊308A), ␤3 adrenoreceptor (ADRB3)(G؉250C), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-␥2(Pro12Ala), key molecules of the adipose tissue, might affect the IR associated with reduced fetal growth. They were genotyped in 171 subjects who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and in 233 subjects who were born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The SGA group showed higher serum insulin concentrations than the AGA group at fasting (P ‫؍‬ 0.03) and after stimulation (P ‫؍‬ 0.0007), whereas no difference in serum glucose concentrations was observed. The frequencies of the alleles of these three polymorphisms were similar in both groups. In neither group did the polymorphisms affect glucose tolerance. In the SGA group, fasting insulin-to-glucose ratios were significantly higher in the TNF/؊308A (P ‫؍‬ 0.03), the PPAR/Ala12 (P ‫؍‬ 0.01), and the ADRB3/؉250G (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) carriers than in the noncarriers. Results were comparable for fasting insulin concentration and insulin excursion under OGTT. No such amplification was observed in the AGA group. The effects of the PPAR/ ProAla12 (P ‫؍‬ 0.005) and the ADRB3/G؉250G (P ‫؍‬ 0.009) gene polymorphisms on IR indexes were significantly potentiated by BMI in the SGA group. In conclusion, our data exemplify the interaction between intrauterine environmental and genetic factors in the development of the IR associated with reduced fetal growth. They also point to the key role of adipose tissue in this association. Diabetes 51:3473-3478, 2002

Private actors in fi nance, especially in the banking industry, have played a leading role in the campaign, institutionalized during the 1990s, against money laundering. Assigned the duty of detecting dubious transactions in their establishments, they are supposed to inform Tracfi na fi nance intelligence unit located in the French Ministry of Financeof their suspicions. The latter decides whether to alert judicial authorities. A set of interviews conducted with the ' compliance offi cers ' in banks who supervise the implementation of regulations against money laundering are analyzed in order to understand how persons whose normal duties are oriented toward commercial activities based on a high regard for privacy are being led to assume police duties and how they are performing in this new role.

The survival analysis evidenced a significant reduction of all-cause mortality, as well as of cancer and cardiovascular-related mortality, in men and women having benefited from several PHEs. On the other hand, the Cox model by class of propensity score allowed to show a reduction in mortality only in men who returned at least once, in particular that of a higher health interest among the regular beneficiaries of PHE.